medical negligence

This document provides a thorough explanation of medical negligence within the context of Indian tort law. It outlines the essentials of negligence, the doctor-patient relationship, duty of care, breach, consequences, and legal defences. Real-life case laws such as Jasbir Kaur v. State of Punjab, Dr. Tokugha v. Apollo Hospital, and Kusum Sharma v. Batra Hospital illustrate various aspects of medical negligence, including issues of confidentiality, emergency care, and foreign object retention. The content also discusses the doctrines of Res Ipsa Loquitur and the Bolam Test, along with common defences available in medical negligence suits. This is a complete reference for students of law, especially those studying torts, consumer protection, and healthcare liability.