NR 293 - EXAM 1|COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE WITH HIGH YIELD QUESTIONS AND 100% RIGHT/AUTHENTIC ANSWERS|ALREADY GRADED A|LATEST UPDATED VERSION 2025

Drug - CORRECT ANSWERS.️️Any chemical that affects the physiologic processes of a living organism Pharmacology - CORRECT ANSWERS.️️The study or science of drugs Chemical Name - CORRECT ANSWERS.️️Describes the drug's chemical composition and molecular structure (not usually used in nursing) Generic Name - CORRECT ANSWERS.️️Name given by the United States Adopted Names council. The universal name, like ibuprofen or acetaminophen Trade Name - CORRECT ANSWERS.️️AKA proprietary name. The drug has a registered trademark, use of the name is restricted by the drug's patent owner. Ex is Motrin and Advil, they are both ibuprofen Pharmaceutics - CORRECT ANSWERS.️️The study of how various drug forms influence the way in which the drug affects the body. Oral, rectal, transdermal, etc. Pharmacodynamics - CORRECT ANSWERS.️️The study of what the drug does to the body. The mechanism of drug actions in living tissues and drug-receptor relationships Pharmacotherapeutics - CORRECT ANSWERS.️️The clinical use of drugs to prevent and treat disease. Defines principles of drug actions- the cellular processes that change in response to the presence of drug molecules. Drugs are organized into pharmacologic classes, like antihypertensives. Ex: elderly taking baby aspirin to prevent strokes Pharmacognosy - CORRECT ANSWERS.️️The study of natural drug sources, like plants, animals and minerals. Pharmaceutic Properties - CORRECT ANSWERS.️️Different drug dosage forms have different properties. Dosage form determines the rate of drug dissolution. Enteric-coated tablets protect patients from stomach irritation. Fastest Route of Oral Drug Absorption - CORRECT ANSWERS.️️1. Oral disintegration, buccal tabs, and oral soluble wafers 2. Liquids, elixirs, and syrups 3. Suspension solutions 4. Powders 5. Capsules 6. Tablets 7. Coated tablets 8. Enteric-coated tabletes Pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWERS.️️The study of what the body does to the drug. A drug's time to onset of action, time to peak effect, and duration of action. -Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - CORRECT ANSWERS.️️Movement of a drug from its site of administration into the bloodstream for distribution to the tissues. Bioavailability - CORRECT ANSWERS.️️A measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given drug and route. Giving a med through the IV, you will have 100% of the med in the bloodstream, none is lost. First-Pass Effect - CORRECT ANSWERS.️️The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the GI tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation. If you give a PO med, the GI system digests, liver transforms, and then it reaches the bloodstream. Not 100% of the med reaches the bloodstream, you lose some as it travels. Enteral Route of Drug Administration - CORRECT ANSWERS.️️The drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation through the oral or gastric mucosa or the small intestine. Types of enteral are oral, sublingual, buccal, and rectal. Parenteral Route of Drug Administration - CORRECT ANSWERS.️️Though an IV, IM, subcutaneous, intradermal, intraarterial, intrathecal, and intraarticular Topical Route of Drug Administration - CORRECT ANSWERS.️️Skin, eyes, ears, nose, lungs, rectum, vagina Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - CORRECT ANSWERS.️️The transport of a drug by the bloodstream to its site of action. Protein-binding, water-soluble vs fat-soluble, blood-brain barrier. Protein-Binding Drugs - CORRECT ANSWERS.️️After you take the medication, it is in the blood attached to protein, mainly albumin. When the drug binds to albumin, it works as a slow release, only the free unbound drug is therapeutic. The bound drug is essentially inactive. Type of drugs that are protein-binding are blood thinners. If a patient is deficient in albumin, there is a problem of too much free-drug. Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism/Biotransformation - CORRECT ANSWERS.️️The biochemical alteration of a drug into an inactive metabolite, a more soluble compound, a more potent active metabolite, or a less active metabolite. Transformed mainly in the liver, but also skeletal muscle, kidneys, lungs, plasma, intestinal mucosa. Factors the Decrease Metabolism - CORRECT ANSWERS.️️Cardiovascular dysfunction, renal insufficiency, starvation, obstructive jaundice, slow acetylator, and ketoconazole therapy Factors the Increase Metabolism - CORRECT ANSWERS.️️Fast acetylator, barbiturate therapy, rifampin therapy, and phenytoin therapy Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - CORRECT ANSWERS.️️The elimination of drugs from the body by the kidneys (main organ), liver, bowel Drug Half-Life - CORRECT ANSWERS.️️The time it takes for one half of the original amount of a drug to be removed from the body. A measure of the rate at