Incident Safety Officer Manual Chapter 1-17 | Complete Solutions (Answered)

Incident Safety Officer Manual Chapter 1-17 | Complete Solutions (Answered) Crucial for ensuring safety during fire incidents, monitoring hazards and implementing safety measures Incident Safety Officer (ISO) What recognizes the safety officer as directly reporting to the IC. National Interagency Incident Management System (NIIMS) manages broader health and safety programs Health Safety Officer (HSO) established standards that define the roles and responsibilities of safety officers in the fire department National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) this role is recognized in the National incident management system as essential for command ISO What type of is qualified to deploy nationwide as part of a national incident management team (IMT) Type 1 Safety officer (SOF1) What type of safety officer is usually qualified at the state or local level to function at wildland and inter- face fires or other disasters. Type 2 Safety officer (SOF2) What type of safety officer can be the safety officer assigned to initial attack operations, Line Safety Officer (SOFR) The most common injuries in firefighting include: strains, sprains, and muscle pain, cuts, lacerations, and bruises For fireground injuries, ____________ and _________ remain the leading injury, with ___________ also being significant strains and sprains, thermal burns The ISO responsibilities can be summarized using the ______________ acronym MEDIC The M in acronym MEDIC: monitoring Actively survey (recon) the incident environ- ment (e.g., buildings, smoke and fire, utilities) and watch the incident activities (e.g., civilians’ actions, firefighters’ actions). E in acronym MEDIC: evaluate Assess the environment and activities and judge whether a hazard exists D in acronym MEDIC: Develop Design and create preventive measures (pro- active actions for forecasted hazards) that will minimize the chance of harm I in acronym MEDIC Intervene Take deliberate actions to prevent harm from imminent and potential hazards. C in acronym MEDIC Communicate Deliver urgent and advisory messages using multiple communication methods What Act established OSHA? Williams Steiger Act of 1970 What are the three components of the safety triad? procedures, equipment and personnel This role includes reviewing SOP effectiveness and making recommendations for changes based on observed outcomes? ISO a process or operation that is part of a department's routine but that is not written. Informal Process A process that is defined in writing and can take on many forms: standard operating procedures (SOPs), standard operating guidelines (SOGs), departmental directives, temporary memorandums, and the like. Formal process A well written SOP is one that firefighters can_____________ easily follow, ensuring compliance and safety What is considered the least important component of the safety triad? Equipment What are adaptable templates that allow flexibility in application. Guidelines What are the 3 parts of the personnel leg of the safety triad: training, health, and attitude. Of the 3 parts of the personnel leg of the safety triad, this component is hardest to address Attitude What are the two leading causes of line of duty deaths? stress and overexertion the process of minimizing the chance, degree, or probability of damage, injury, or loss. risk management What are the five steps in risk management Hazard Identification Hazard Evaluation Hazard Prioritization Hazard Control Hazard Monitoring a hazard control hierarchy includes the following steps: (1) Design (2) guard (3) warn. A tool that categorizes hazards into nine risk categories based on frequency and severity risk matrix What refers to a preferred order of hazard control strategies: mitigation hierarchy What are 5 strategies of mitigation hierarchy? Elimination Reduction Adaptation Transfer Avoidance What is an enforceable rule of conduct that helps protect a society. Law What deals with rules of conduct in civil and criminal matters. statutory law What typically outlines details and procedures that have the force of law issued by an executive government authority. A regulation What is a work of law established or adopted by a rule-making authority. Code What term can apply to any set of rules, procedures, or professional measure- ments that are established by an authority. standard What is a publication that offers procedures, directions, or standards of care as a reasonable means to address a condition or situation. Guide What is the safety and health research and educational arm of the federal government and is part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) NIOSH (national institute for occupational safety and health) What is part of the U.S. Department of Labor and is tasked with the creation and enforcement of workplace law. OSHA (occupational safety and health administration) What is a nonregulatory federal agency within the U.S. Department of Commerce. NIST (National institute of standards and technology) The ISO is most effective when he or she ___________ arrives early in the incident. A key to preventing injuries is enabling the IC to monitor the numerous simultaneous activities during the first ____________ after arrival. 20 minutes Once the span of control grows past ________, the IC should include an ISO. Three Most incident management systems recognize an ideal span of control of ____________ for emergency operations. five or fewer What refers to the weight of the building itself and anything permanently attached to it. Dead load What refers to any force or weight, other than the building itself, that a building must carry or absorb. live load What kind of load is imposed through the centroid of another object. axial load What kind of load is imposed off-center to another object. eccentric load What kind of load is imposed in a manner that causes another object to twist. torsional load The three types of forces are compression, tension and shear A force that causes a material to be crushed or flattened axially through the material. Compression A force that causes a material to be stretched or pulled apart in line with the material. Tension A force that causes a material to be torn in opposite directions perpendicular or diagonal to the material. Shear Materials that will fracture or fail as they are deformed or stressed past their design limits. (breaks before it bends) Brittle Materials that will bend, deflect, or stretch, yet, retain some strength as a force is resisted. (bends before it breaks) Ductile What is a mixture of Portland cement, sand, gravel (or other aggregate), and water that cures into a solid mass. Concrete What term refers to the crumbling and loss of concrete material when exposed to heat. Spalling What is created by gluing and pressing together sheet veneers of native wood (with the same grain direction) to form a piece of lumber. Laminate veneer lumber (LVL) What is sheeting created with wood slivers (the grains are oriented in multiple directions) and an emulsified glue.? Oriented strand board (OSB) What is any structural element that transmits a compressive force axially through its center. A column A structural element that transfers loads perpendicularly to its imposed load Beam A beam that is supported in three or more places Continuous beam A beam that is supported at only one end (or a beam that extends well past a support in such a way that the unsupported overhang places the top of the beam in tension and the bottom in compression) cantilever beam A beam that spans an opening in a load-bearing masonry wall, such as over a garage door opening (often called a "header") Lintel A beam that carries other beams Girder A series of triangles used to form an open-web structural element to act as a beam Truss A series of beams placed perpendicularly to other trusses or beams to help support roof decking Purlin What are four construction influences that help the fire officer classify the building: The general type of construction The era or historical time period in which the building was constructed The intended use of the building The size of the building The "five types," also known as the NFPA 220 system, are: Type I, Fire Resistive Type II, Noncombustible Type III, Ordinary Type IV, Heavy Timber Type V, Wood Frame What materials are being used to piece together the truss? Gusset plates typically hold together trusses. What is the extension of a wall past the top of the roof. These are used to hide unsightly roof equipment and heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) units, A parapet wall What are nonstructural facings or false fronts used for decoration or paneling or to form a porch or protective overhang. Facades Most fire service texts suggest that a collapse zone be at least __________the height of the structure that is anticipated to fall. 1 1⁄2 times Smoke leaving a structure has four key attributes: volume, velocity (pressure), density, and color. What is formed from the products of incomplete combustion and pyrolytic decomposition that include an aggregate of particles, aerosols, and fire gases that are toxic, flammable, and volatile Smoke The chemical breakdown of compounds into other substances by heat alone. Pyrolysis What can be defined as a suspended or propelled liquid. Aersols Some gases of significant quantity that affect fire behavior are: carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), benzene (C6H6), acrolein (C3H4O), hydrogen sulfide (H2S). smoke is ignitable as low as ___________ and has a collective flammable range of 450°F (232°C); 1% to 74% The six phases of a ventilation-controlled fire 1. Ignition (incipient) phase. 2. Initial growth phase. 3. Ventilation-limited phase. 4. Explosive growth phase 5. Fully developed phase. 6. Decay phase. What is a hostile event warning sign and is characterized as the intermittent ignition of small pockets of smoke, usually seen as fingers of flame that dance through the upper smoke layer. Ghosting What is a hostile fire event that includes the ignition and sustained burning of the overhead smoke layer within a room and/or hallway. Flame over What is a hostile fire event that occurs when a spark or flame is introduced into a pocket of smoke that is below ignition temperature but above some aggregate flashpoint. smoke explosion What is a sudden hostile fire event that occurs when all the surfaces and contents of a space reach their ignition temperature nearly simultaneously, resulting in full room fire involvement. Flashover What is an explosive event that occurs when air is suddenly reintroduced into a closed space that is filled with pressurized, ignition temperature, and oxygen deprived products of combustion and pyrolysis. Backdraft What is an indicator of pressure that has built up in the building. smoke velocity What tells you how much fuel is laden in the smoke Smoke density Unfinished wood gives off a distinctive ____________smoke as it approaches mid- to late-stage heating Brown What term is used for smoke that is high-volume, has turbulent velocity, is ultra- dense, and is deep black Black fire What term is a sure sign of impending autoignition and flashover. Black fire What is the notion that the heat of combustion will collect at the ceiling and cool air will flow to the fire below it? The separation of the two is known as ______________________ thermal balance the boundary layer or neutral plane.