NUR 347 Exam 2 Review Questions And Answers
With Verified Solutions
What causes iron deficiency anemia? ANS dec RBC production b/c of dec iron
low iron decreases carrying capacity of RBCs
what are manifestations of iron deficiency anemia? ANS dec serum albumin, globulin, transferrin
Glossitis (inflam of tongue)
"spoon" fingernails
How do you treat iron deficiency anemia? ANS diet
iron supplements
iron dextran
What is a nursing consideration for oral iron supplements? ANS take with meals and with a straw to
prevent GI upset and staining of teeth
what causes pernicious anemia? ANS B12 deficiency
How do you treat pernicious anemia? ANS b12 injections
vegetarians --> b12 supplement
What causes aplastic anemia? ANS dec production and growth of all blood cells
causes pancytopenia
can be caused by exposure to chemo/radiation
What are aplastic anemia pts at an inc risk for? ANS bleeding and infection
How do you treat aplastic anemia? ANS platelet, plasma and RBC transfusion
erythropoetin
neupogen
,What causes sickle cell anemia? ANS inc RBC destruction
genetics
stress causes sickling
dec O2 carrying capacity
what are sickle cell anemia pts at an inc risk for? ANS clumping/clotting
causes tissue ischemia
What are manifestations of sickle cell anemia? ANS pain, swelling, fever, jaundice, tachycardia, cardiac
murmurs, hgb 7-10 g/dL
How do you treat sickle cell anemia? ANS treat infection
avoid high altitude
encourage fluid intake
folic acid
during crisis: analgesic and 3-5L of fluids
What is DIC? ANS disseminated intravascular coagulation
body uses up most/all clotting factors and starts oozing/bleeding but quickly makes more and causes clots
pt clotting and bleeding at the same time
How do you treat DIC? ANS heparin and clotting factors
What are manifestations of DIC? ANS bleeding/clotting
bleeding from invasive monitoring sites
petechia, purpura, bruising
sx of blood loss
MODS
, shock
intracranial bleed
internal bleed
What are nursing implementations for DIC? ANS know risk factors and monitor carefully
notify MD ASAP
implement orders: meds, blood products, etc.
at least 1:1
What are signs of low WBCs? ANS repeat infections
What are precautions for low WBCs? ANS temp q4 hrs
no fresh flowers/plants, fuits/vegs (unless peeled)
stay away from crowds
wear a mask when out
What are signs and symptoms of low platelets? ANS inc bleeding and bruising
what are precautions for low platelets? ANS electric razors, soft tooth brush, no IM injections, no bare feet
avoid things that may cause bleeding
What is pancytopenia? ANS all blood cells are low
What is primary HTN? ANS inc BP w/o known cause
What is secondary HTN? ANS inc BP w/ specific cause
What are risk factors for HTN? ANS obesity, tobacco, DM, ETOH
inc SNS activity
overproduction of Na retaining hormones
With Verified Solutions
What causes iron deficiency anemia? ANS dec RBC production b/c of dec iron
low iron decreases carrying capacity of RBCs
what are manifestations of iron deficiency anemia? ANS dec serum albumin, globulin, transferrin
Glossitis (inflam of tongue)
"spoon" fingernails
How do you treat iron deficiency anemia? ANS diet
iron supplements
iron dextran
What is a nursing consideration for oral iron supplements? ANS take with meals and with a straw to
prevent GI upset and staining of teeth
what causes pernicious anemia? ANS B12 deficiency
How do you treat pernicious anemia? ANS b12 injections
vegetarians --> b12 supplement
What causes aplastic anemia? ANS dec production and growth of all blood cells
causes pancytopenia
can be caused by exposure to chemo/radiation
What are aplastic anemia pts at an inc risk for? ANS bleeding and infection
How do you treat aplastic anemia? ANS platelet, plasma and RBC transfusion
erythropoetin
neupogen
,What causes sickle cell anemia? ANS inc RBC destruction
genetics
stress causes sickling
dec O2 carrying capacity
what are sickle cell anemia pts at an inc risk for? ANS clumping/clotting
causes tissue ischemia
What are manifestations of sickle cell anemia? ANS pain, swelling, fever, jaundice, tachycardia, cardiac
murmurs, hgb 7-10 g/dL
How do you treat sickle cell anemia? ANS treat infection
avoid high altitude
encourage fluid intake
folic acid
during crisis: analgesic and 3-5L of fluids
What is DIC? ANS disseminated intravascular coagulation
body uses up most/all clotting factors and starts oozing/bleeding but quickly makes more and causes clots
pt clotting and bleeding at the same time
How do you treat DIC? ANS heparin and clotting factors
What are manifestations of DIC? ANS bleeding/clotting
bleeding from invasive monitoring sites
petechia, purpura, bruising
sx of blood loss
MODS
, shock
intracranial bleed
internal bleed
What are nursing implementations for DIC? ANS know risk factors and monitor carefully
notify MD ASAP
implement orders: meds, blood products, etc.
at least 1:1
What are signs of low WBCs? ANS repeat infections
What are precautions for low WBCs? ANS temp q4 hrs
no fresh flowers/plants, fuits/vegs (unless peeled)
stay away from crowds
wear a mask when out
What are signs and symptoms of low platelets? ANS inc bleeding and bruising
what are precautions for low platelets? ANS electric razors, soft tooth brush, no IM injections, no bare feet
avoid things that may cause bleeding
What is pancytopenia? ANS all blood cells are low
What is primary HTN? ANS inc BP w/o known cause
What is secondary HTN? ANS inc BP w/ specific cause
What are risk factors for HTN? ANS obesity, tobacco, DM, ETOH
inc SNS activity
overproduction of Na retaining hormones
