HSS 2121 Midterm 1 Exam Questions With
Complete Answers
How much did the average lifespan of canadians increase since 1900 - ANSWER More
than 30 years, of which 25 are attributable to advances in health care.
Who identified the 12 great achievements of canadian health care? - ANSWER The CDC
in the USA identified 9 of them, the other 3 were identified in Canada as "healthier
environments" "acting on social determinants of health", and "universal policies"
What is acting on social determinants of health? - ANSWER Recognition that health is
influenced by factors outside of the healthcare system like food, exercise, or healthy
relationships. This recognition strengthened health canada and promoted
sensibilization in fields like education, childhood development and social connection.
What is control of infectious disease? - ANSWER This was controlling the spread of
diseases like anthrax and WNV in canada as an objective of health canada.
What were decline in deaths from coronary heart disease and CVA. - ANSWER CVD
death rate have been declining in canada since the mid 1960s. In 1997, CVD deaths
were half of what they were in 1969. However, there has been a recent resurgence
because of seed oils and unhealthy food.
What was family planning? - ANSWER 4th great achievement, this is the development
and distribution of birth control for women to control when to have children. Waiting
until the mother is at least 18 to have children improved mental health and health of
parent and child, while waiting 2 years between conceptions helped maternal health.
What were healthier environments? - ANSWER 5th achievement and included policies to
increase community health and reduce toxic emissions of lead and mercury into the
environment.
What was healthier mother and babies? - ANSWER Many major deaths used to be
attributed to poor health of mothers and children, now, canada has some of the
healthiest mothers and children.
What was motor vehicle safety? - ANSWER The 7th achievement, with canada's road
fatality rate being 9th among 29 countries in 1998.
What was recognition of tobacco use as a health hazard? - ANSWER This was the 8th
achievement and when canada sought to control the distribution of tobacco which it had
deemed toxic. This caused a shift in attitudes regarding tobacco consumption and
canada has made more advances in tobacco control than most other countries.
,What were safer and healthier foods? - ANSWER 9th achievement, canada is known for
its safe and high quality food. (???)
What were safer workplaces? - ANSWER Well into the 1900s, many diseases and injuries
were associated with unsafe workplaces. Now the rate of work related injury has
declines from 40/1000 in 1988 to 20/1000 in 2006.
What were universal policies? - ANSWER The 11th achievement and referred to the
benefits awarded solely based on age, residence or citizenship without considering
income or assets. Universal programs for income maintenance and social welfare and
health care services have helped canadians maintain high health standards.
What was vaccination? - ANSWER The 12th achievement, and basically infectious
diseases were the leading cause of death in 1900 and now cause less than 5% of all
deaths in canada thanks to immunization.
Who was Tommy Douglas? - ANSWER - premier of Saskatchewan
- led the first socialist government elected in Canada, recognized as the father of
socialized medicine, helped establish democratic socialism in mainstream Canadian
politics and gave us the current canadian healthcare system where everyone receives
equal treatment.
What was the summer plague? - ANSWER The summer plague was also known as the
poliovirus. This virus paralyzed young children and terrified the American population,
resulting in a race to find the vaccine against Polio.
What is Ergot poisoning? - ANSWER Ergot is a kind of mold typically found growing on
rye bread. In the 12th century and 15th century, it may have been responsible for witch
and werewolf hunts by causing mass hallucinations as people were not aware of the
effects of mold. It exudes alkaloid toxins. It demonstrates that when the cause for death
is unknown (Ergot), people look or scapegoats (witches and werewolves)
What is an example of a recent pandemic for which a scapegoat was found? - ANSWER
COVID19 was called the China virus by Trump, this resulted in negative perceptions of
the chinese population that were unjustified.
How did calling Toronto plague city during the SARS epidemic create social issues? -
ANSWER After Toronto was branded as plague city, it was avoided by tourists and
perceptions worsened. The rolling stones had to interfere to alter perceptions of the city
after the pandemic. Branding Toronto led to economic issues and discrimination.
Why is naming a virus Ebola or monkeypox problematic? - ANSWER It can cause people
to associate negative elements with the Ebola river or monkeys in general. In fact, this is
why monkeypox was renamed to Mpox.
What are examples of bacterial infections? - ANSWER - leprosy
- the plague
,- syphilis
- typhus
- cholera
- typhoid
- tuberculosis
What are examples of viral infections - ANSWER - smallpox
- yellow fever
- rabies
- influenza
- AIDS
- measles
- ebola
- polio
- dengue fever
- SARs
What is MERS? - ANSWER Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. This was first reported in
Saudi Arabia in 2012. It's now seen in other countries as well. It was not well recognized
as the global medical community is usually focused on more developed countries.
What is an example of epidemics resulting in mass panic and breakdown of social
order? - ANSWER In 2009, there was some panic over H1N1 and there was queue
jumping to get vaccine. Hospital staff were given priority shots and some brought their
family members. During times of crisis,
- social structures decay
- crime is rampant
- norms are abandoned
Who were the Bakers? - ANSWER They were a millionaire couple who flew on their
private planes to Saskatchewan in order to receive priority doses of the COVID vaccine,
which outraged canadians since they adore they wholly egalitarian healthcare system.
Who was the scapegoat for the black death? - ANSWER The scapegoat for the black
death were the people of jewish faith who were demonized in the 14th century with there
being paintings in the Yeshiva museum of jews being massacred in Germany.
, What was the worst year for Polio outbreaks? - ANSWER 1952 had 57000 people
infected with 21000 paralyzed and over 3100 dead. There were images of rows of
children trapped in iron lungs.
Who was the scapegoat for Polio in the 1950s? - ANSWER The Organ Grinder's monkeys
were blamed for being the cause of the polio spread.
What is one example of a virus that was thought to be a bioweapon and brought from
abroad, resulting in immigrants being shunned? - ANSWER The west nile virus, was
thought to be a biochemical weapon or to have been imported by foreigners and was
thus actually the source of much social conflict and unrest. In reality, it was spread by
mosquitoes breeding in stagnant water and although it was spread from africa to NA, it
caused people who had nothing to do with the virus to be discriminated against.
What are common outbreaks and how can they be limited? - ANSWER Common
outbreaks include TB, typhoid fever, diphteria, cholera, and influenza. These can be
limited by;
- quarantine
- race class and gender analysis to determine the most vulnerable populations.
Who was Mary Mallon? - ANSWER She was known as typhoid Mary. A young Irish
immigrant aged 22 who was an asymptomatic carrier of typhoid fever (S. Typhi).
Although Mary's prosecution was based on her being a chronic carrier of infectious
disease, it was indeed harsh by modern standards. However, she was warned to stop
working as a cook to avoid infecting others and ignored the warnings, thereby putting
others in danger.
What happened to Mary Mallon? - ANSWER She was quarantined in a cottage on North
Brother island from 1907 to 1910 and from 1915 to 1938 when she died.
What were coffin ships? - ANSWER These were immigrant ships which were not
designed to carry people and on which the entire population was infected. This resulted
in the entire population being quarantined upon arrival in 1847, resulting in healthy
individuals being stuck in proximity of the contaminated. The ships had unsanitary
conditions and people were only allowed on deck for 1 hour a day.
How many people died from the trip on the Naomi? - ANSWER The Naomi was a coffin
ship carrying 421 passengers of which 78 died at sea and 31 at quarantine and another
78 in the hospital where everyone was quarantined together.
What were the cholera waves of 1800? - ANSWER these reportedly killed victims within
8 hours of developing symptoms. Fatality rates were so high it was difficult to bury the
dead, and quarantine was one of the few ways to fight the infection, which spread
Complete Answers
How much did the average lifespan of canadians increase since 1900 - ANSWER More
than 30 years, of which 25 are attributable to advances in health care.
Who identified the 12 great achievements of canadian health care? - ANSWER The CDC
in the USA identified 9 of them, the other 3 were identified in Canada as "healthier
environments" "acting on social determinants of health", and "universal policies"
What is acting on social determinants of health? - ANSWER Recognition that health is
influenced by factors outside of the healthcare system like food, exercise, or healthy
relationships. This recognition strengthened health canada and promoted
sensibilization in fields like education, childhood development and social connection.
What is control of infectious disease? - ANSWER This was controlling the spread of
diseases like anthrax and WNV in canada as an objective of health canada.
What were decline in deaths from coronary heart disease and CVA. - ANSWER CVD
death rate have been declining in canada since the mid 1960s. In 1997, CVD deaths
were half of what they were in 1969. However, there has been a recent resurgence
because of seed oils and unhealthy food.
What was family planning? - ANSWER 4th great achievement, this is the development
and distribution of birth control for women to control when to have children. Waiting
until the mother is at least 18 to have children improved mental health and health of
parent and child, while waiting 2 years between conceptions helped maternal health.
What were healthier environments? - ANSWER 5th achievement and included policies to
increase community health and reduce toxic emissions of lead and mercury into the
environment.
What was healthier mother and babies? - ANSWER Many major deaths used to be
attributed to poor health of mothers and children, now, canada has some of the
healthiest mothers and children.
What was motor vehicle safety? - ANSWER The 7th achievement, with canada's road
fatality rate being 9th among 29 countries in 1998.
What was recognition of tobacco use as a health hazard? - ANSWER This was the 8th
achievement and when canada sought to control the distribution of tobacco which it had
deemed toxic. This caused a shift in attitudes regarding tobacco consumption and
canada has made more advances in tobacco control than most other countries.
,What were safer and healthier foods? - ANSWER 9th achievement, canada is known for
its safe and high quality food. (???)
What were safer workplaces? - ANSWER Well into the 1900s, many diseases and injuries
were associated with unsafe workplaces. Now the rate of work related injury has
declines from 40/1000 in 1988 to 20/1000 in 2006.
What were universal policies? - ANSWER The 11th achievement and referred to the
benefits awarded solely based on age, residence or citizenship without considering
income or assets. Universal programs for income maintenance and social welfare and
health care services have helped canadians maintain high health standards.
What was vaccination? - ANSWER The 12th achievement, and basically infectious
diseases were the leading cause of death in 1900 and now cause less than 5% of all
deaths in canada thanks to immunization.
Who was Tommy Douglas? - ANSWER - premier of Saskatchewan
- led the first socialist government elected in Canada, recognized as the father of
socialized medicine, helped establish democratic socialism in mainstream Canadian
politics and gave us the current canadian healthcare system where everyone receives
equal treatment.
What was the summer plague? - ANSWER The summer plague was also known as the
poliovirus. This virus paralyzed young children and terrified the American population,
resulting in a race to find the vaccine against Polio.
What is Ergot poisoning? - ANSWER Ergot is a kind of mold typically found growing on
rye bread. In the 12th century and 15th century, it may have been responsible for witch
and werewolf hunts by causing mass hallucinations as people were not aware of the
effects of mold. It exudes alkaloid toxins. It demonstrates that when the cause for death
is unknown (Ergot), people look or scapegoats (witches and werewolves)
What is an example of a recent pandemic for which a scapegoat was found? - ANSWER
COVID19 was called the China virus by Trump, this resulted in negative perceptions of
the chinese population that were unjustified.
How did calling Toronto plague city during the SARS epidemic create social issues? -
ANSWER After Toronto was branded as plague city, it was avoided by tourists and
perceptions worsened. The rolling stones had to interfere to alter perceptions of the city
after the pandemic. Branding Toronto led to economic issues and discrimination.
Why is naming a virus Ebola or monkeypox problematic? - ANSWER It can cause people
to associate negative elements with the Ebola river or monkeys in general. In fact, this is
why monkeypox was renamed to Mpox.
What are examples of bacterial infections? - ANSWER - leprosy
- the plague
,- syphilis
- typhus
- cholera
- typhoid
- tuberculosis
What are examples of viral infections - ANSWER - smallpox
- yellow fever
- rabies
- influenza
- AIDS
- measles
- ebola
- polio
- dengue fever
- SARs
What is MERS? - ANSWER Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. This was first reported in
Saudi Arabia in 2012. It's now seen in other countries as well. It was not well recognized
as the global medical community is usually focused on more developed countries.
What is an example of epidemics resulting in mass panic and breakdown of social
order? - ANSWER In 2009, there was some panic over H1N1 and there was queue
jumping to get vaccine. Hospital staff were given priority shots and some brought their
family members. During times of crisis,
- social structures decay
- crime is rampant
- norms are abandoned
Who were the Bakers? - ANSWER They were a millionaire couple who flew on their
private planes to Saskatchewan in order to receive priority doses of the COVID vaccine,
which outraged canadians since they adore they wholly egalitarian healthcare system.
Who was the scapegoat for the black death? - ANSWER The scapegoat for the black
death were the people of jewish faith who were demonized in the 14th century with there
being paintings in the Yeshiva museum of jews being massacred in Germany.
, What was the worst year for Polio outbreaks? - ANSWER 1952 had 57000 people
infected with 21000 paralyzed and over 3100 dead. There were images of rows of
children trapped in iron lungs.
Who was the scapegoat for Polio in the 1950s? - ANSWER The Organ Grinder's monkeys
were blamed for being the cause of the polio spread.
What is one example of a virus that was thought to be a bioweapon and brought from
abroad, resulting in immigrants being shunned? - ANSWER The west nile virus, was
thought to be a biochemical weapon or to have been imported by foreigners and was
thus actually the source of much social conflict and unrest. In reality, it was spread by
mosquitoes breeding in stagnant water and although it was spread from africa to NA, it
caused people who had nothing to do with the virus to be discriminated against.
What are common outbreaks and how can they be limited? - ANSWER Common
outbreaks include TB, typhoid fever, diphteria, cholera, and influenza. These can be
limited by;
- quarantine
- race class and gender analysis to determine the most vulnerable populations.
Who was Mary Mallon? - ANSWER She was known as typhoid Mary. A young Irish
immigrant aged 22 who was an asymptomatic carrier of typhoid fever (S. Typhi).
Although Mary's prosecution was based on her being a chronic carrier of infectious
disease, it was indeed harsh by modern standards. However, she was warned to stop
working as a cook to avoid infecting others and ignored the warnings, thereby putting
others in danger.
What happened to Mary Mallon? - ANSWER She was quarantined in a cottage on North
Brother island from 1907 to 1910 and from 1915 to 1938 when she died.
What were coffin ships? - ANSWER These were immigrant ships which were not
designed to carry people and on which the entire population was infected. This resulted
in the entire population being quarantined upon arrival in 1847, resulting in healthy
individuals being stuck in proximity of the contaminated. The ships had unsanitary
conditions and people were only allowed on deck for 1 hour a day.
How many people died from the trip on the Naomi? - ANSWER The Naomi was a coffin
ship carrying 421 passengers of which 78 died at sea and 31 at quarantine and another
78 in the hospital where everyone was quarantined together.
What were the cholera waves of 1800? - ANSWER these reportedly killed victims within
8 hours of developing symptoms. Fatality rates were so high it was difficult to bury the
dead, and quarantine was one of the few ways to fight the infection, which spread
