BREAST US BOARD EXAM REVIEW FOR AART
QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
Acoustic parameters - ANSWER -propagation
speed frequency wavelength period amplitude
power
intensity
Spatial resolution - ANSWER -lateral and axial resolution combined
Axial resolution - ANSWER -determined by spatial pulse length
minimum reflector spacing ACROSS beam axis
axial resolution improves w/ - ANSWER -increasing transducer
frequency but penetration decreases
contrast resolution improves w/ - ANSWER -increasing transducer
frequency and increasing bandwidth
depth most breast ca occurs - ANSWER -3cm or less
dynamic range (DR or log compression) - ANSWER -assigns shades
of gray to returning echo based on its strength
low dynamic range= high dynamic range= - ANSWER -
high contrast (less gray) low contrast (more gray)
a transducer converts - ANSWER -energy from one form to another
,piezoelectric effect - ANSWER -sound converted to echo
reverse piezoelectric effect - ANSWER -electricity converted to
sound...pulse
transducers composed of - ANSWER -matching
layer piezoelectric element backing/damping layer
wire case
matching layer - ANSWER -mediator between skin and crystal
90% of sound would reflect off of skin w/o it
backing layer - ANSWER -improves resolution
operating frequency= - ANSWER -elements prop speed (mm/ms)
_____________________
2 x thickness (mm)
Linear array transducer - ANSWER -better for breast
penetration decreased
better resolution
Fresnal zone - ANSWER -near zone
, Fraunhaufer zone - ANSWER -far zone
transducer focusing for 7-18 mHz - ANSWER -at elevation plane of
1.5cm or less
Single or multiple focal zones for breast? - ANSWER -multiple in first
2 cm
What does gain control? - ANSWER -controls echoes not exposure-
amplifies returning echoes
Output power controls... - ANSWER -overall brightness and strength
of echoes
TGC (time gain compensation) - ANSWER -adjust brightness from top
to bottom
create uniform brightness adjusts returning
echoes from top to bottom
Hertz measures what? - ANSWER -frequency
What do power settings gain, and TGC affect? - ANSWER -image
amplitude
Why should a standoff pad not exceed 1cm? - ANSWER -optimization
of elevation plane focus
QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
Acoustic parameters - ANSWER -propagation
speed frequency wavelength period amplitude
power
intensity
Spatial resolution - ANSWER -lateral and axial resolution combined
Axial resolution - ANSWER -determined by spatial pulse length
minimum reflector spacing ACROSS beam axis
axial resolution improves w/ - ANSWER -increasing transducer
frequency but penetration decreases
contrast resolution improves w/ - ANSWER -increasing transducer
frequency and increasing bandwidth
depth most breast ca occurs - ANSWER -3cm or less
dynamic range (DR or log compression) - ANSWER -assigns shades
of gray to returning echo based on its strength
low dynamic range= high dynamic range= - ANSWER -
high contrast (less gray) low contrast (more gray)
a transducer converts - ANSWER -energy from one form to another
,piezoelectric effect - ANSWER -sound converted to echo
reverse piezoelectric effect - ANSWER -electricity converted to
sound...pulse
transducers composed of - ANSWER -matching
layer piezoelectric element backing/damping layer
wire case
matching layer - ANSWER -mediator between skin and crystal
90% of sound would reflect off of skin w/o it
backing layer - ANSWER -improves resolution
operating frequency= - ANSWER -elements prop speed (mm/ms)
_____________________
2 x thickness (mm)
Linear array transducer - ANSWER -better for breast
penetration decreased
better resolution
Fresnal zone - ANSWER -near zone
, Fraunhaufer zone - ANSWER -far zone
transducer focusing for 7-18 mHz - ANSWER -at elevation plane of
1.5cm or less
Single or multiple focal zones for breast? - ANSWER -multiple in first
2 cm
What does gain control? - ANSWER -controls echoes not exposure-
amplifies returning echoes
Output power controls... - ANSWER -overall brightness and strength
of echoes
TGC (time gain compensation) - ANSWER -adjust brightness from top
to bottom
create uniform brightness adjusts returning
echoes from top to bottom
Hertz measures what? - ANSWER -frequency
What do power settings gain, and TGC affect? - ANSWER -image
amplitude
Why should a standoff pad not exceed 1cm? - ANSWER -optimization
of elevation plane focus
