NUR 321 Health Promotion II Exam 2 Questions Answered Correctly Graded A+
Aging changes in cardiovascular system - Answers -Aorta dilates
-Heart valves stiffen
-Loss of arterial elasticity
-Veins thicken and lose elasticity
-Myocardial hypertrophy
-Arteriosclerosis
-Atherosclerosis
-Left ventricular wall thickens
-Myocardial musculature less efficient
-decrease in pacemaker cells
Is elevated BP a normal sign of aging? - Answers No
What causes hypertension (pysiological) - Answers Arterial walls hypertrophy which causes a narrowing
of the vessels. They are then unable to support vasodilation
Complications of hypertension - Answers -Increases the rate of atherosclerosis
-Can cause ventricular hypertrophy which increases risk for CAD
-Damages vessels to all other organs
-Increases risk for MI or CVA
What is blood pressure controlled by? - Answers -Blood volume
-Peripheral resistance/diameter of arterioles
-Cardiac output
What is blood volume controlled by? - Answers Fluid loss and retention
What is peripheral resistance/diameter of arterioles controlled by? - Answers -Sympathetic nervous
system
-Renin angiotensin II
-Increase in blood viscosity
, What is cardiac output controlled by? - Answers Stroke volume and heart rate
Pharmacotherapy for hypertension - Answers -Ace Inhibitors (pril): Lisinopril
-Beta Blockers (lol): Metoprolol
-Calcium channel blockers: Amlodipine
-Diuretics: Lasix (Loop), Spironolactone (K+ sparing), HCTZ (thiazide)
-Angiotensin II Agonists: Losartan
Ace Inhibitors - Answers Prevent the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II
Side effects: Dry cough, orthostatic hypotension
Beta Blockers - Answers Blocks Beta 1 receptors
Side effects: Bradycardia, orthostatic hypotension, increase blood glucose
Calcium channel blockers - Answers Inhibits transport of calcium to produce systemic vasodilation
Side effects: fatigue, palpitations, flushing
Angiontensin II agonsists: - Answers Block aldosterone producing effects of angiotensin II
Given to patients that can not tolerate ACEs
Side effects: Dizziness, hypotension, fatigue
Peripheral vascular disease - Answers Disorders that change the natural blood flow
Venous insufficiency - Answers the inability of the veins to adequately return blood from the lower
extremities
Caused by prolonged stretching of the veins or valve damage
Management of venous diseases (peripheral vascular disease) - Answers -Assess for color and
temperature
-palpate pulses
-Elevate legs
-compression stockings
Arterial disease - Answers Systemic atherosclerosis
Partial or total arterial occlusion
Aging changes in cardiovascular system - Answers -Aorta dilates
-Heart valves stiffen
-Loss of arterial elasticity
-Veins thicken and lose elasticity
-Myocardial hypertrophy
-Arteriosclerosis
-Atherosclerosis
-Left ventricular wall thickens
-Myocardial musculature less efficient
-decrease in pacemaker cells
Is elevated BP a normal sign of aging? - Answers No
What causes hypertension (pysiological) - Answers Arterial walls hypertrophy which causes a narrowing
of the vessels. They are then unable to support vasodilation
Complications of hypertension - Answers -Increases the rate of atherosclerosis
-Can cause ventricular hypertrophy which increases risk for CAD
-Damages vessels to all other organs
-Increases risk for MI or CVA
What is blood pressure controlled by? - Answers -Blood volume
-Peripheral resistance/diameter of arterioles
-Cardiac output
What is blood volume controlled by? - Answers Fluid loss and retention
What is peripheral resistance/diameter of arterioles controlled by? - Answers -Sympathetic nervous
system
-Renin angiotensin II
-Increase in blood viscosity
, What is cardiac output controlled by? - Answers Stroke volume and heart rate
Pharmacotherapy for hypertension - Answers -Ace Inhibitors (pril): Lisinopril
-Beta Blockers (lol): Metoprolol
-Calcium channel blockers: Amlodipine
-Diuretics: Lasix (Loop), Spironolactone (K+ sparing), HCTZ (thiazide)
-Angiotensin II Agonists: Losartan
Ace Inhibitors - Answers Prevent the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II
Side effects: Dry cough, orthostatic hypotension
Beta Blockers - Answers Blocks Beta 1 receptors
Side effects: Bradycardia, orthostatic hypotension, increase blood glucose
Calcium channel blockers - Answers Inhibits transport of calcium to produce systemic vasodilation
Side effects: fatigue, palpitations, flushing
Angiontensin II agonsists: - Answers Block aldosterone producing effects of angiotensin II
Given to patients that can not tolerate ACEs
Side effects: Dizziness, hypotension, fatigue
Peripheral vascular disease - Answers Disorders that change the natural blood flow
Venous insufficiency - Answers the inability of the veins to adequately return blood from the lower
extremities
Caused by prolonged stretching of the veins or valve damage
Management of venous diseases (peripheral vascular disease) - Answers -Assess for color and
temperature
-palpate pulses
-Elevate legs
-compression stockings
Arterial disease - Answers Systemic atherosclerosis
Partial or total arterial occlusion
