(Brock University) BIOL 1P91 Midterm Test
Questions With 100% Verified Solutions
What are simple sugars? (two types) - ANSWER Pentose(5 carbon) and
Hexose (6 carbon)
What are the stereoisomers of glucose? - ANSWER Alpha and Beta
glucose and D- and L- glucose and galactose
How are disaccharides formed? - ANSWER condensation reaction
What are polysaccharides? What do they contribute? - ANSWER Many
monosaccharides joined together. Important for energy storage and
structural support
What are examples of polysaccharides? - ANSWER Energy storage:
starch and glycogen
Structural: cellulose chitin glycosaminoglycans and peptidoglycan
What are lipids composed of? - ANSWER C and H and some O
What % are lipids comprised of in the organic matter of the human body? -
ANSWER 40%
What are fats? How are they important? - ANSWER also known as
triglycerides that are joined by glycerol and 3 fatty acids. They are
important for energy storage
What reaction forms fats and what bond is formed? - ANSWER
Dehydration and form an ester bond
, What are saturated fats? (List properties) - ANSWER Solid at room
temperature
Single bonds
animal fats
Unhealthy
What are unsaturated fats? (List properties) - ANSWER Liquid at room
temperature
Double bonds
plant fats
Healthy
What molecules are phospholipids? - ANSWER Amphipathic molecules
What does an amphipathic molecule have? - ANSWER Both
hydrophobic(non polar) and hydrophilic(polar) components
What do waxes contain? - ANSWER all contain one or more hydrocarbon
and long structures that resemble a fatty acid attached by a carboxyl group
another hydrocarbon chain
What elements make up a protein? - ANSWER carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen
How are amino acids formed? - ANSWER A dehydration reaction which
forms a peptide bond
What are the four structures of a protein? - ANSWER primary, secondary,
tertiary, quaternary
Five factors that promote protein folding and stability? - ANSWER
-H
bonds
-Ionic
bonds
-Hydrophobic
effects
, -Van der Waal's
forces
-Disulfide
bridges
What are nucleic acids responsible for? - ANSWER storage,
expression,
and transmission of genetic
information
What does DNA and RNA do? - ANSWER DNA: contains genetic
information
RNA: decodes DNA into instructions for linking together specific sequence
of amino acids to form a polypeptide chain
What is a nucleotide made up of? - ANSWER pentose sugar, phosphate
group, nitrogenous base
What are the differences between DNA and RNA? - ANSWER DNA:
double stranded, has deoxyribose sugar, bases: A, T, G, C, one form
RNA: single stranded, has ribose sugar, bases: A, U, G, C, several forms
What is the first law of thermodynamics? - ANSWER law of conservation
of energy: energy cannot be created nor destroyed but can be
transformed form one type to another
What is the second law of thermodynamics? - ANSWER Transfer of
energy from one form to another increases the entropy (degree of
disorder) of a system
What is the equation for total energy? - ANSWER total energy = usable
energy + unusable energy
What is Gibbs free energy? - ANSWER energy available to do work
what do the following mean: H, G S and T in terms of energy - ANSWER
H= enthalpy or total energy
G= free energy/ energy available to do work
Questions With 100% Verified Solutions
What are simple sugars? (two types) - ANSWER Pentose(5 carbon) and
Hexose (6 carbon)
What are the stereoisomers of glucose? - ANSWER Alpha and Beta
glucose and D- and L- glucose and galactose
How are disaccharides formed? - ANSWER condensation reaction
What are polysaccharides? What do they contribute? - ANSWER Many
monosaccharides joined together. Important for energy storage and
structural support
What are examples of polysaccharides? - ANSWER Energy storage:
starch and glycogen
Structural: cellulose chitin glycosaminoglycans and peptidoglycan
What are lipids composed of? - ANSWER C and H and some O
What % are lipids comprised of in the organic matter of the human body? -
ANSWER 40%
What are fats? How are they important? - ANSWER also known as
triglycerides that are joined by glycerol and 3 fatty acids. They are
important for energy storage
What reaction forms fats and what bond is formed? - ANSWER
Dehydration and form an ester bond
, What are saturated fats? (List properties) - ANSWER Solid at room
temperature
Single bonds
animal fats
Unhealthy
What are unsaturated fats? (List properties) - ANSWER Liquid at room
temperature
Double bonds
plant fats
Healthy
What molecules are phospholipids? - ANSWER Amphipathic molecules
What does an amphipathic molecule have? - ANSWER Both
hydrophobic(non polar) and hydrophilic(polar) components
What do waxes contain? - ANSWER all contain one or more hydrocarbon
and long structures that resemble a fatty acid attached by a carboxyl group
another hydrocarbon chain
What elements make up a protein? - ANSWER carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen
How are amino acids formed? - ANSWER A dehydration reaction which
forms a peptide bond
What are the four structures of a protein? - ANSWER primary, secondary,
tertiary, quaternary
Five factors that promote protein folding and stability? - ANSWER
-H
bonds
-Ionic
bonds
-Hydrophobic
effects
, -Van der Waal's
forces
-Disulfide
bridges
What are nucleic acids responsible for? - ANSWER storage,
expression,
and transmission of genetic
information
What does DNA and RNA do? - ANSWER DNA: contains genetic
information
RNA: decodes DNA into instructions for linking together specific sequence
of amino acids to form a polypeptide chain
What is a nucleotide made up of? - ANSWER pentose sugar, phosphate
group, nitrogenous base
What are the differences between DNA and RNA? - ANSWER DNA:
double stranded, has deoxyribose sugar, bases: A, T, G, C, one form
RNA: single stranded, has ribose sugar, bases: A, U, G, C, several forms
What is the first law of thermodynamics? - ANSWER law of conservation
of energy: energy cannot be created nor destroyed but can be
transformed form one type to another
What is the second law of thermodynamics? - ANSWER Transfer of
energy from one form to another increases the entropy (degree of
disorder) of a system
What is the equation for total energy? - ANSWER total energy = usable
energy + unusable energy
What is Gibbs free energy? - ANSWER energy available to do work
what do the following mean: H, G S and T in terms of energy - ANSWER
H= enthalpy or total energy
G= free energy/ energy available to do work
