BYU Psych375 Exam 1 Questions And Answers
Verified 100% Correct
What role did Gestalt psychology play in moving away from behaviorism and
toward cognitive psychology? - ANSWER · Gestalt psychology
o Interested in learning perception that people have of the world around them
- Show images to people (rabbit duck, hidden triangle)
· Looking at individual parts won't let you see the full picture
· It countered behaviorists belief that you can 100% guess how people would
perceive these images
Late 1800s early 1900s - ANSWER In Europe and US there was a strong push to
understand what's going on inside your mind
William James - ANSWER · Father of American psychology o
He described things like attention and the tip of the tongue
phenomenon o He wanted to study these things because he
wanted to understand function
How are computers similar to our brain? - ANSWER · They can do multiple
things and process info quickly and accurately
What are the different approaches available to cognitive psychologists? -
ANSWER Information processing approach (too simplistic) Connectionist
approach (more accurate)
Information processing approach - ANSWER o Creates models of information
flow and aren't exactly based off how the human brain works
o Information is processed and passed from 1 cognitive system to another in a
serial matter
Connectionist approach - ANSWER Also called Parallel distributed processing
(PDP) approach and nueral- network approach
,Info is processed by many networks and many modules at the same time
How has psychology shifted from the late 1800's to the late 1900's? - ANSWER ·
Late 1800s:
Scientists mostly focused on consciousness, cognition and mental states
· Early 1900s: Behaviorism
· Mid 1900s to now it has shifted to cognitive psychology
What is the scientific method? - ANSWER · Observation
· Question
· Hypothesis
· Experiment
· Analysis
· Conclusion
Exact replication - ANSWER Do everything the exact same
Conceptual replication - ANSWER You tweak something a little bit to see how
generalized your results are
What reasons are there for non-replication? - ANSWER · Falsified data
· Small sample
sizes · Poor
methods
o P-hacking (messing with the p-value by doing enough tests and getting lucky
with having it match your hypothesis)
· Scientific culture focused on innovation rather than
getting it right o You get more funding if you have eye
catching findings
· Result may only apply to a certain situation
· Replication attempt was done poorly
How can we prevent non-replication? - ANSWER · Dissemination of
Replication Studies o Scientists need outlets to publish their studies
, · Textbooks and Journals need to change their view and not only try to publish
eye catching discoveries that may not even be accurate · Systematic Programs
of Research
o The scientific community needs to do internal replications
o Conceptual replications need to be run to see if the new information can be
generalized · Scientific institutions value rigor over innovation
How does a peer review support the conclusions of a study? - ANSWER It
prevents p-hacking What methods are typically employed in cognitive
psychology? - ANSWER · Philosophy · Linguistics
· Anthropology
· Neuroscience
· Artificial Intelligence
· Psychology
What are the different models or metaphors for the mind related to these different
modes of processing (information processing, parallel distributed processing)? -
ANSWER Computer metaphor of mind
- Pure Artificial intelligence (Not trying to mimic what the brain does)
- Computer simulations (The purpose is to try and represent the mind using
computer processes.
eg. The Blue Brain Project)
Patient Tan - ANSWER Paul Broca's patient
Lesion in what is now known as Broca's area
Patient H.M. - ANSWER Henry Molaison's patient
§ Had really bad epilepsy and his neurosurgeon took out part of his brain
· The surgery was very successful, except he couldn't form episodic memory
anymore
Patient S.M. - ANSWER Woman with no fear
Calcified amygdala
Verified 100% Correct
What role did Gestalt psychology play in moving away from behaviorism and
toward cognitive psychology? - ANSWER · Gestalt psychology
o Interested in learning perception that people have of the world around them
- Show images to people (rabbit duck, hidden triangle)
· Looking at individual parts won't let you see the full picture
· It countered behaviorists belief that you can 100% guess how people would
perceive these images
Late 1800s early 1900s - ANSWER In Europe and US there was a strong push to
understand what's going on inside your mind
William James - ANSWER · Father of American psychology o
He described things like attention and the tip of the tongue
phenomenon o He wanted to study these things because he
wanted to understand function
How are computers similar to our brain? - ANSWER · They can do multiple
things and process info quickly and accurately
What are the different approaches available to cognitive psychologists? -
ANSWER Information processing approach (too simplistic) Connectionist
approach (more accurate)
Information processing approach - ANSWER o Creates models of information
flow and aren't exactly based off how the human brain works
o Information is processed and passed from 1 cognitive system to another in a
serial matter
Connectionist approach - ANSWER Also called Parallel distributed processing
(PDP) approach and nueral- network approach
,Info is processed by many networks and many modules at the same time
How has psychology shifted from the late 1800's to the late 1900's? - ANSWER ·
Late 1800s:
Scientists mostly focused on consciousness, cognition and mental states
· Early 1900s: Behaviorism
· Mid 1900s to now it has shifted to cognitive psychology
What is the scientific method? - ANSWER · Observation
· Question
· Hypothesis
· Experiment
· Analysis
· Conclusion
Exact replication - ANSWER Do everything the exact same
Conceptual replication - ANSWER You tweak something a little bit to see how
generalized your results are
What reasons are there for non-replication? - ANSWER · Falsified data
· Small sample
sizes · Poor
methods
o P-hacking (messing with the p-value by doing enough tests and getting lucky
with having it match your hypothesis)
· Scientific culture focused on innovation rather than
getting it right o You get more funding if you have eye
catching findings
· Result may only apply to a certain situation
· Replication attempt was done poorly
How can we prevent non-replication? - ANSWER · Dissemination of
Replication Studies o Scientists need outlets to publish their studies
, · Textbooks and Journals need to change their view and not only try to publish
eye catching discoveries that may not even be accurate · Systematic Programs
of Research
o The scientific community needs to do internal replications
o Conceptual replications need to be run to see if the new information can be
generalized · Scientific institutions value rigor over innovation
How does a peer review support the conclusions of a study? - ANSWER It
prevents p-hacking What methods are typically employed in cognitive
psychology? - ANSWER · Philosophy · Linguistics
· Anthropology
· Neuroscience
· Artificial Intelligence
· Psychology
What are the different models or metaphors for the mind related to these different
modes of processing (information processing, parallel distributed processing)? -
ANSWER Computer metaphor of mind
- Pure Artificial intelligence (Not trying to mimic what the brain does)
- Computer simulations (The purpose is to try and represent the mind using
computer processes.
eg. The Blue Brain Project)
Patient Tan - ANSWER Paul Broca's patient
Lesion in what is now known as Broca's area
Patient H.M. - ANSWER Henry Molaison's patient
§ Had really bad epilepsy and his neurosurgeon took out part of his brain
· The surgery was very successful, except he couldn't form episodic memory
anymore
Patient S.M. - ANSWER Woman with no fear
Calcified amygdala
