Bone Physiology
Support, Storage, Blood Cell Production, Protection, and Movement ✔✔Bone Functions
Calcium Phosphate Ca3/PO4/2 ✔✔chemical in bone matrix with written name and symbol
2/3s of Bone Weight ✔✔fraction of bone weight due to calcium phosphate
Epiphysis ✔✔the expanded portions at each end
Diaphysis ✔✔central shaft of a long bone
Marrow (Medullary) Cavity ✔✔inside the diaphysis; contains bone marrow
Compact Bone ✔✔relatively solid bone tissue
Spongy Bone ✔✔resembles a network of bony rods or struts separated by spaces
Periosteum ✔✔outer surface of a bone; two layers: an outer (tough)--continuous with muscles
and joints/inner--epithelial cells
Endosteum ✔✔covers the spongy bone of the marrow cavity
Articular Cartilage ✔✔covers the ends of bones
Yellow Marrow ✔✔fat molecules/storage
Lacuna ✔✔open cavity spaces/ Cells are located in space
Lamellae ✔✔oriented parallel to the long axis of the central canal; spaces in between
Canaliculi ✔✔microscopic canals between the lacunae of ossified bone
Osteon ✔✔basic unit of structure of compact bone
Haversian Canal ✔✔central canal
, Trabeculae ✔✔rods or plates formed by lamellae
Osteocytes ✔✔(found in bony matrix) recycle calcium salts and assist in repairs
Osteoclasts ✔✔(found in pits in the bone surface known as resorption bays or Howship's
Lacunae) regulate calcium and phosphate concentrations
Osteoblasts ✔✔assist in the production of new bone
Bone Remodeling ✔✔the process where the skeleton is absorbed by the osteoclasts and
created by the osteoblasts; this cycle is continuous and bones are constantly recycled and
replaced
Support and Storage ✔✔bone functions dependent on bone remodeling
1/5 of Bone Calcium ✔✔proportion of bone calcium exchanged each year
Neurons and Muscle Cells ✔✔types of cells that calcium ions are most important to
Nervous Cell Signals, Muscle Cell Contraction, and Blood Clotting ✔✔appropriate blood
calcium levels are important for these three body physiological processes
Unresponsive Neurons and Muscle Cells ✔✔what occurs when calcium levels are too high
Convulsions or Death ✔✔what occurs when calcium levels are too low
Negative Feedback System ✔✔another name for the system dealing with calcium regulation
Thyroid Gland ✔✔If calcium levels are too high in the body fluids, the ______________
produces calcitonan, which causes increased excretion of calcium by kidneys, and calcium
deposition in bones, resulting in lower calcium levels.
Calcitonan ✔✔If calcium levels are too high in the body fluids, the thyroid gland produces
_____________, which causes increased excretion of calcium by kidneys, and calcium
deposition in bones, resulting in lower calcium levels.
Support, Storage, Blood Cell Production, Protection, and Movement ✔✔Bone Functions
Calcium Phosphate Ca3/PO4/2 ✔✔chemical in bone matrix with written name and symbol
2/3s of Bone Weight ✔✔fraction of bone weight due to calcium phosphate
Epiphysis ✔✔the expanded portions at each end
Diaphysis ✔✔central shaft of a long bone
Marrow (Medullary) Cavity ✔✔inside the diaphysis; contains bone marrow
Compact Bone ✔✔relatively solid bone tissue
Spongy Bone ✔✔resembles a network of bony rods or struts separated by spaces
Periosteum ✔✔outer surface of a bone; two layers: an outer (tough)--continuous with muscles
and joints/inner--epithelial cells
Endosteum ✔✔covers the spongy bone of the marrow cavity
Articular Cartilage ✔✔covers the ends of bones
Yellow Marrow ✔✔fat molecules/storage
Lacuna ✔✔open cavity spaces/ Cells are located in space
Lamellae ✔✔oriented parallel to the long axis of the central canal; spaces in between
Canaliculi ✔✔microscopic canals between the lacunae of ossified bone
Osteon ✔✔basic unit of structure of compact bone
Haversian Canal ✔✔central canal
, Trabeculae ✔✔rods or plates formed by lamellae
Osteocytes ✔✔(found in bony matrix) recycle calcium salts and assist in repairs
Osteoclasts ✔✔(found in pits in the bone surface known as resorption bays or Howship's
Lacunae) regulate calcium and phosphate concentrations
Osteoblasts ✔✔assist in the production of new bone
Bone Remodeling ✔✔the process where the skeleton is absorbed by the osteoclasts and
created by the osteoblasts; this cycle is continuous and bones are constantly recycled and
replaced
Support and Storage ✔✔bone functions dependent on bone remodeling
1/5 of Bone Calcium ✔✔proportion of bone calcium exchanged each year
Neurons and Muscle Cells ✔✔types of cells that calcium ions are most important to
Nervous Cell Signals, Muscle Cell Contraction, and Blood Clotting ✔✔appropriate blood
calcium levels are important for these three body physiological processes
Unresponsive Neurons and Muscle Cells ✔✔what occurs when calcium levels are too high
Convulsions or Death ✔✔what occurs when calcium levels are too low
Negative Feedback System ✔✔another name for the system dealing with calcium regulation
Thyroid Gland ✔✔If calcium levels are too high in the body fluids, the ______________
produces calcitonan, which causes increased excretion of calcium by kidneys, and calcium
deposition in bones, resulting in lower calcium levels.
Calcitonan ✔✔If calcium levels are too high in the body fluids, the thyroid gland produces
_____________, which causes increased excretion of calcium by kidneys, and calcium
deposition in bones, resulting in lower calcium levels.
