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Answers latest update 2025
Social history review of systems --- correct answer ---Patients
smoking and alcohol history/current use should be noted along with
illegal drug use.
Ventricular foci --- correct answer ---Located in ventricles
Supraventricular foci --- correct answer ---Located above level of
ventricles in atria.
Antibiotic prophylaxis for total joint replacement patients --- correct
answer ---Previous joint infection, 2 yrs following joint replacement,
malnourishment, hemophilia, diabetes type I, immunosuppressed or
immunocompromised patients.
AV blocks --- correct answer ---PR length is prolonged or varies in
length due to impulse being partially or completely blocked as it
attempts to travel from atria to ventricles via AV node.
,Patients who need antibiotic prophylaxis --- correct answer ---
Previous infective endocarditis, prosthetic valves, cardiac transplant
patients who develop valvulopathy, congenital heart disease.
Congestive heart failure --- correct answer ---Condition caused by the
heart is unable to handle blood volume coming back to it from either
the lungs or peripheral circulation.
3 characteristics of normal heart rhythms --- correct answer ---Rate,
regularity, and rhythm.
MVP (mitral valve prolapse) --- correct answer ---One or more of
valve flaps don't close completely allowing redundancy of valve
leaflets into left atrium.
Rheumatic heart diseases --- correct answer ---Condition caused
secondary to rheumatic fever (beta hemolytic streptococci) which
damages the heart valves, primarily the mitral valve, and causes heart
murmur.
MI (myocardial infarction) --- correct answer ---Heart attack. Six
should be performed on patient until 6 months after.
,Right sided heart failure --- correct answer ---Increased pressure of
fluid in blood vessels causes fluid to leak into body's tissues causing
peripheral edema and ascites
Left sided heart failure --- correct answer ---Increased pressure of
fluid in blood vessels causes fluid to leak into lungs. Patients often
present with shortness of breath.
Review of systems musculoskeletal --- correct answer ---Weakness of
extremities, atrophy of muscles, frequent cramping of muscles.
Review of systems neurologic --- correct answer ---Weakness of
extremities, hx of projectile vomiting, headaches, visual disturbances,
any unexplained pain or numbness in body.
Review of systems pulmonary --- correct answer ---Shortness of
breath, dizziness, chronic cough, wheezing, productive cough.
Review of systems genitourinary --- correct answer ---Painful
urination, blood in urine, frequent urination, incontinence, discharge
in urine.
, Review of systems gastrointestinal --- correct answer ---Loss of
appetite, swallowing, change in taste, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
constipation.
Review of systems skin --- correct answer ---Bruising, bleeding,
discoloration.
Review of systems cardiovascular --- correct answer ---Headaches,
dizziness, nosebleeds, shortness of breath, chest or arm pain, edema.
Review of systems general --- correct answer ---Weight loss, loss of
appetite, weakness, fatigue.
4 key questions to ask patient in evaluation --- correct answer ---Are
they currently under physicians care, do they take any meds, do they
have any allergies and reactions they have, review of systems.
Asthma --- correct answer ---Usually associated with allergies.
Increased secretions in the muscles membranes lining bronchioles.
Mucus plugs block smaller bronchi making movement of air in and out
if lungs difficult. More difficulty with expiration.