1
HOSA
HOSA BEHAVIORAL HEALTH EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS UPDATED
(2024/2025) (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
Schizophrenia - ANS ✓a disorder characterized by the profound disruption of
basic psychological processes; a distorted perception of reality; altered or
blunted emotion; and disturbances in thought, motivation, and behavior
Schizophrenia treatments - ANS ✓Treatments for schizophrenia include:
-Support group
-Rehabilitation
-Cognitive therapy
-Psychoeducation
-Family therapy
-Behavior therapy
-Group psychotherapy
-Medication (Antipsychotic and Anti-tremor)
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) - ANS ✓an anxiety disorder
characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsession) and/ or actions
(compulsions)
OCD Treatments - ANS ✓Treatments for OCD:
-Support group
-Cognitive behavioral therapy
-Aversion therapy
-Psychoeducation
-Rational emotive behavior therapy
-Exposure and response prevention
-Psychotherapy
-Systematic desensitization
-Group psychotherapy
-Medication (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI), Anxiolytic, and
Antidepressant)
HOSA BEHAVIORAL
, 2
HOSA
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - ANS ✓an anxiety disorder associated
with serious traumatic events and characterized by such symptoms as survivor
guilt, reliving the trauma in dreams, numbness and lack of involvement with
reality, or recurrent thoughts and images
PTSD Treatments - ANS ✓Treatments for PTSD include:
-Cognitive behavioral therapy,
-Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing
-Exposure & Response Prevention
-Medication (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI))
Applied Behavior Analysis - ANS ✓modern term for a form of functional
analysis and behavior modification that uses a variety of behavioral techniques
to mold a desired behavior or response
4 Major Dimensions of Recovery - ANS ✓heath, home, purpose, and
community
Continuum of care - ANS ✓promotion, prevention, treatment, & recovery
Behavioral health - ANS ✓a state of mental/emotional being and/or choices
and actions that affect wellness. Behavioral health problems include substance
abuse or misuse, alcohol and drug addiction, serious psychological distress,
suicide, and mental and substance use disorders
Social factors that are related to early mortality - ANS ✓poverty, social
isolation, and lack of quality healthcare
Trepanation - ANS ✓ancient medical procedure in which a hole was drilled into
a patient's skull to "relieve pressure" or "release evil spirits"
Major roots of psychology (two) - ANS ✓philosophy and natural sciences
Wilhelm Wundt - ANS ✓set up first psychological laboratory; a founder of
structuralism
Structuralism - ANS ✓an early school of psychology that used introspection to
explore the structural elements of the human mind
Edward Titchener - ANS ✓Student of Wilhelm Wundt; a founder of Structuralist
school of psychology.
HOSA BEHAVIORAL
, 3
HOSA
Functionalism - ANS ✓a school of psychology that focused on how mental and
behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive,
and flourish
Sigmund Freud - ANS ✓developed the psychodynamic theory; existence of
unconscious mind, development of sexuality, dream analysis, and psychoanalysis
Humanistic approach - ANS ✓an approach to psychology emphasizing a
persons positive qualities, the capacity for positive growth, and the freedom to
choose any destiny. Founded by Roger Maslow, it emphasizes the idea that all
humans are naturally good natured, and are striving to attain a strong self-image
and climb the pyramid of needs
Behavioralism - ANS ✓a theory that psychology is essentially a study of external
human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires
Biological psychology - ANS ✓a branch of psychology concerned with the links
between biology and behavior
Evolutionary pyschology - ANS ✓a theoretical approach to psychology that
attempts to explain useful mental and psychological traits—such as memory,
perception, or language—as adaptations, i.e., as the functional products of
natural selection.
Sensory receptors - ANS ✓sensory nerve ending that responds to a stimulus in
the internal or external environment of an organism
Neuron - ANS ✓a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell
Sensory neurons - ANS ✓a neuron conducting impulses inwards to the brain or
spinal cord
Motor neurons - ANS ✓a nerve cell forming part of a pathway along which
impulses pass from the brain or spinal cord to a muscle or gland
Interneurons - ANS ✓a neuron that transmits impulses between other neurons,
especially as part of a reflex arc
Synapse - ANS ✓a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap
across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter
HOSA BEHAVIORAL
, 4
HOSA
Dendrite (receive) - ANS ✓a short branched extension of a nerve cell, along
which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell
body.
Axon (relay) - ANS ✓the long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which
impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells
Myelin sheath - ANS ✓a fatty white substance that surrounds the axon of some
nerve cells, forming an electrically insulating layer
Action potential - ANS ✓a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels
down an axon. The action potential is generated by the movement of positively
charged atoms in and out of channels in the axon's membrane.
Threshold - ANS ✓The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse
Neurotransmitter - ANS ✓a chemical substance that is released at the end of a
nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse
or junction, causes the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber, a muscle
fiber, or some other structure.
Endorphins - ANS ✓a natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain
control and to pleasure.
Dopamine - ANS ✓a neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention and
learning and the brain's pleasure and reward system
Seratonin - ANS ✓a neurotransmitter that regulates mood, appetite, sleep,
muscle contraction, and some cognitive functions including memory and
learning. Lack of this can cause depression.
Acetylcholine - ANS ✓a neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory
and also triggers muscle contraction
Norepinephrine - ANS ✓a hormone that is released by the adrenal medulla and
by the sympathetic nerves and functions as a neurotransmitter. It is also used as
a drug to raise blood pressure
Gamma-amino Butyric acid (GABA) - ANS ✓is an amino acid which acts as a
neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It inhibits nerve transmission in
the brain, calming nervous activity
HOSA BEHAVIORAL
HOSA
HOSA BEHAVIORAL HEALTH EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS UPDATED
(2024/2025) (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
Schizophrenia - ANS ✓a disorder characterized by the profound disruption of
basic psychological processes; a distorted perception of reality; altered or
blunted emotion; and disturbances in thought, motivation, and behavior
Schizophrenia treatments - ANS ✓Treatments for schizophrenia include:
-Support group
-Rehabilitation
-Cognitive therapy
-Psychoeducation
-Family therapy
-Behavior therapy
-Group psychotherapy
-Medication (Antipsychotic and Anti-tremor)
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) - ANS ✓an anxiety disorder
characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsession) and/ or actions
(compulsions)
OCD Treatments - ANS ✓Treatments for OCD:
-Support group
-Cognitive behavioral therapy
-Aversion therapy
-Psychoeducation
-Rational emotive behavior therapy
-Exposure and response prevention
-Psychotherapy
-Systematic desensitization
-Group psychotherapy
-Medication (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI), Anxiolytic, and
Antidepressant)
HOSA BEHAVIORAL
, 2
HOSA
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - ANS ✓an anxiety disorder associated
with serious traumatic events and characterized by such symptoms as survivor
guilt, reliving the trauma in dreams, numbness and lack of involvement with
reality, or recurrent thoughts and images
PTSD Treatments - ANS ✓Treatments for PTSD include:
-Cognitive behavioral therapy,
-Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing
-Exposure & Response Prevention
-Medication (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI))
Applied Behavior Analysis - ANS ✓modern term for a form of functional
analysis and behavior modification that uses a variety of behavioral techniques
to mold a desired behavior or response
4 Major Dimensions of Recovery - ANS ✓heath, home, purpose, and
community
Continuum of care - ANS ✓promotion, prevention, treatment, & recovery
Behavioral health - ANS ✓a state of mental/emotional being and/or choices
and actions that affect wellness. Behavioral health problems include substance
abuse or misuse, alcohol and drug addiction, serious psychological distress,
suicide, and mental and substance use disorders
Social factors that are related to early mortality - ANS ✓poverty, social
isolation, and lack of quality healthcare
Trepanation - ANS ✓ancient medical procedure in which a hole was drilled into
a patient's skull to "relieve pressure" or "release evil spirits"
Major roots of psychology (two) - ANS ✓philosophy and natural sciences
Wilhelm Wundt - ANS ✓set up first psychological laboratory; a founder of
structuralism
Structuralism - ANS ✓an early school of psychology that used introspection to
explore the structural elements of the human mind
Edward Titchener - ANS ✓Student of Wilhelm Wundt; a founder of Structuralist
school of psychology.
HOSA BEHAVIORAL
, 3
HOSA
Functionalism - ANS ✓a school of psychology that focused on how mental and
behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive,
and flourish
Sigmund Freud - ANS ✓developed the psychodynamic theory; existence of
unconscious mind, development of sexuality, dream analysis, and psychoanalysis
Humanistic approach - ANS ✓an approach to psychology emphasizing a
persons positive qualities, the capacity for positive growth, and the freedom to
choose any destiny. Founded by Roger Maslow, it emphasizes the idea that all
humans are naturally good natured, and are striving to attain a strong self-image
and climb the pyramid of needs
Behavioralism - ANS ✓a theory that psychology is essentially a study of external
human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires
Biological psychology - ANS ✓a branch of psychology concerned with the links
between biology and behavior
Evolutionary pyschology - ANS ✓a theoretical approach to psychology that
attempts to explain useful mental and psychological traits—such as memory,
perception, or language—as adaptations, i.e., as the functional products of
natural selection.
Sensory receptors - ANS ✓sensory nerve ending that responds to a stimulus in
the internal or external environment of an organism
Neuron - ANS ✓a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell
Sensory neurons - ANS ✓a neuron conducting impulses inwards to the brain or
spinal cord
Motor neurons - ANS ✓a nerve cell forming part of a pathway along which
impulses pass from the brain or spinal cord to a muscle or gland
Interneurons - ANS ✓a neuron that transmits impulses between other neurons,
especially as part of a reflex arc
Synapse - ANS ✓a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap
across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter
HOSA BEHAVIORAL
, 4
HOSA
Dendrite (receive) - ANS ✓a short branched extension of a nerve cell, along
which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell
body.
Axon (relay) - ANS ✓the long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which
impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells
Myelin sheath - ANS ✓a fatty white substance that surrounds the axon of some
nerve cells, forming an electrically insulating layer
Action potential - ANS ✓a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels
down an axon. The action potential is generated by the movement of positively
charged atoms in and out of channels in the axon's membrane.
Threshold - ANS ✓The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse
Neurotransmitter - ANS ✓a chemical substance that is released at the end of a
nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse
or junction, causes the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber, a muscle
fiber, or some other structure.
Endorphins - ANS ✓a natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain
control and to pleasure.
Dopamine - ANS ✓a neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention and
learning and the brain's pleasure and reward system
Seratonin - ANS ✓a neurotransmitter that regulates mood, appetite, sleep,
muscle contraction, and some cognitive functions including memory and
learning. Lack of this can cause depression.
Acetylcholine - ANS ✓a neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory
and also triggers muscle contraction
Norepinephrine - ANS ✓a hormone that is released by the adrenal medulla and
by the sympathetic nerves and functions as a neurotransmitter. It is also used as
a drug to raise blood pressure
Gamma-amino Butyric acid (GABA) - ANS ✓is an amino acid which acts as a
neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It inhibits nerve transmission in
the brain, calming nervous activity
HOSA BEHAVIORAL
