ANTHROPOLOGY 101-EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
Anthropology - Answers :The study of the human species and its immediate ancestors.
Culture - Answers :Learned behaviors, beliefs, and attitudes characteristic of a
particular society or population. Traditions and customs that govern behavior and
beliefs.
Holistic - Answers :Encompassing past, present, and future biology, society, language,
and culture.
Participant Observation - Answers :When ethnographers take part in community life as
they study it.
Key Cultural Consultants - Answers :Experts on a particular aspect of local life .
Four Fields of Anthropology - Answers :Cultural, archaeological, biological, and
linguistic.
Cultural Anthropology - Answers :The study of human society and culture. It describes,
analyzes, interprets, and explains social and cultural similarities and differences.
Archaeological Anthropology - Answers :The study of human behavior through material
remains. Reconstructs, describes, and interprets human behavior and cultural patterns
through materials.
Biological Anthropology - Answers :The study of human biological variation in time and
space.
Linguistic Anthropology - Answers :The study of language and linguistic diversity in
time, space, and society.
Applied Anthropology - Answers :Using anthropology to solve contemporary problems.
Applying anthropologic data, perspectives, and theories to identify, assess, and solve
contemporary social problems.
Emic Perspective - Answers :The native-oriented approach investigates how local
people think and relies on local people to explain things.
Etic Perspective - Answers :The scientist-oriented approach shifts to the perspective of
the anthropologist for local observations, categories, explanations, and interpretations.
Ethnography - Answers :Fieldwork in a particular cultural setting. Provides and account
of a particular group, community, or culture.
, Ethnology - Answers :The study of sociocultural differences and similarities. Examines
the results of ethnography.
Genealogical Method - Answers :Uses diagrams and symbols to record kin connections.
Needed to understand current social relations and to reconstruct history.
Symbol - Answers :Signs that have no necessary or natural connection to the things
they signify.
Basic Features/Characteristics of Culture - Answers :Learned: through interaction with
others, sometimes taught directly, sometimes through observation.
Symbolic: symbolic thought is unique and crucial to humans and cultural learning.
Shared: shared beliefs, values, memories, and expectations link people who grow up in
the same culture.
All-Encompassing: encompasses features that are com times regarded as trivial.
Integrated: if one part of the system changes, others change as well.
Cultural Relativism - Answers :The idea that behavior should be evaluated not be
outside standards but in the context of the culture in which it occurs.
Creationism - Answers :Biological similarities and differences originated at the Creation.
Characteristics of life forms seen as immutable; they could not change.
Catastrophism - Answers :Fires, floods, and other catastrophies destroyed certain
species.
Uniformitarianism - Answers :The belief that natural forces at work today also explain
past events. -Charles Lyell
Ethnocentrism - Answers :The tendency to view one's own culture as superior and to
use one's own standards and values in judging outsiders.
Acculturation - Answers :An exchange of cultural features between groups that have
continuous firsthand contact.
Enculturation - Answers :The process by which a child learns his or her culture.
Diffusion - Answers :The borrowing of cultural traits between societies. Can be direct
(like when cultures trade or intermarry), forced (like when one culture subjugates
another), or indirect (like when items move from one group to another without firsthand
contact).
Globalization - Answers :The accelerating interdependence of nations in the world
system today.
Anthropology - Answers :The study of the human species and its immediate ancestors.
Culture - Answers :Learned behaviors, beliefs, and attitudes characteristic of a
particular society or population. Traditions and customs that govern behavior and
beliefs.
Holistic - Answers :Encompassing past, present, and future biology, society, language,
and culture.
Participant Observation - Answers :When ethnographers take part in community life as
they study it.
Key Cultural Consultants - Answers :Experts on a particular aspect of local life .
Four Fields of Anthropology - Answers :Cultural, archaeological, biological, and
linguistic.
Cultural Anthropology - Answers :The study of human society and culture. It describes,
analyzes, interprets, and explains social and cultural similarities and differences.
Archaeological Anthropology - Answers :The study of human behavior through material
remains. Reconstructs, describes, and interprets human behavior and cultural patterns
through materials.
Biological Anthropology - Answers :The study of human biological variation in time and
space.
Linguistic Anthropology - Answers :The study of language and linguistic diversity in
time, space, and society.
Applied Anthropology - Answers :Using anthropology to solve contemporary problems.
Applying anthropologic data, perspectives, and theories to identify, assess, and solve
contemporary social problems.
Emic Perspective - Answers :The native-oriented approach investigates how local
people think and relies on local people to explain things.
Etic Perspective - Answers :The scientist-oriented approach shifts to the perspective of
the anthropologist for local observations, categories, explanations, and interpretations.
Ethnography - Answers :Fieldwork in a particular cultural setting. Provides and account
of a particular group, community, or culture.
, Ethnology - Answers :The study of sociocultural differences and similarities. Examines
the results of ethnography.
Genealogical Method - Answers :Uses diagrams and symbols to record kin connections.
Needed to understand current social relations and to reconstruct history.
Symbol - Answers :Signs that have no necessary or natural connection to the things
they signify.
Basic Features/Characteristics of Culture - Answers :Learned: through interaction with
others, sometimes taught directly, sometimes through observation.
Symbolic: symbolic thought is unique and crucial to humans and cultural learning.
Shared: shared beliefs, values, memories, and expectations link people who grow up in
the same culture.
All-Encompassing: encompasses features that are com times regarded as trivial.
Integrated: if one part of the system changes, others change as well.
Cultural Relativism - Answers :The idea that behavior should be evaluated not be
outside standards but in the context of the culture in which it occurs.
Creationism - Answers :Biological similarities and differences originated at the Creation.
Characteristics of life forms seen as immutable; they could not change.
Catastrophism - Answers :Fires, floods, and other catastrophies destroyed certain
species.
Uniformitarianism - Answers :The belief that natural forces at work today also explain
past events. -Charles Lyell
Ethnocentrism - Answers :The tendency to view one's own culture as superior and to
use one's own standards and values in judging outsiders.
Acculturation - Answers :An exchange of cultural features between groups that have
continuous firsthand contact.
Enculturation - Answers :The process by which a child learns his or her culture.
Diffusion - Answers :The borrowing of cultural traits between societies. Can be direct
(like when cultures trade or intermarry), forced (like when one culture subjugates
another), or indirect (like when items move from one group to another without firsthand
contact).
Globalization - Answers :The accelerating interdependence of nations in the world
system today.
