MICROBIOLOGY RIO SALADO 1-7 EXAM | QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2025
Listfseveralfwaysfinfwhichfmicrobesfaffectfourflives.f-
f CORRECTfANSWERS·f Maintenancefoffanf ecologicalf balancef onfearth
Produceffoodsfandfchemicalfnecessaryfforfthefsurvivalfoffhumans
f Maintainfhealthfpresentfonf yourf skin,f inf yourf mouth,fandf inf yourf stomach
Recognizefthefsystemfoffscientificfnomenclaturefthatfusesfgenusfandfspecificfepithetfnames
.f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSDesignedf byf CarolusfLinnaeusfeachflivingf organismf isfassignedftwo
fnames.fThef genusf isf theffirstfnamefandf isfalwaysf capitalized.f Thefspeciesf nameffollowsf andf i
sfnotfcapitalized.
Differentiatefamongfthefmajorfcharacteristicsfoffeachfgroupfoffmicroorganisms.f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSMostf commonfshapesfoffbacteria:fBacilliusf (rodlike);f Coccusf (spher
icalforfovoid);fspiralf(corkscrewforfcurved).
Archaea:f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSconsistfoffprokaryoticf cellsfandf don'tfhavef cellfwalls.f Theyf livef infextr
emefenvironments
Fungi:f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSeukaryoticf organismsfhavefdistinctfnucleus.f Canf bef uni/multicellula
r
Protozoa:f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSeukaryotic;f unicellular.fMostf arefparasites,fnamesfmeansf"firstfanim
als"
Algae:f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSuni/multicellularf thatfobtainf nourishmentf throughf photosynthesis.
Viruses:f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSnonfcellularf thatfarefparasitesfoff cells.f Structurallyf simple,fdifficultftof
kill.fSmallerfthanfbacteria.
Allforganismsfarefclassifiedfintofthreefbasicfdomains.fWhatfarefthefdomains?f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSBacteria,fArchaea,fandfEukarya.
ExplainfthefimportancefoffobservationsfmadefbyfHookefandfvanfLeeuwenhoek.f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSHookefdiscoveryf markedf thatfbeginningf offcellftheoryf -
fthatf allf livingf thingsfarefcomposedf offcells
VAmfLeeuf-fobservationfofflivefmicroorganismsfusingfhisfsimplefmicroscope
Compareftheftheoriesfoffspontaneousfgenerationfandfbiogenesis.f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSSpontaneousf generationf isf thatf lifef couldfspontaneouslyf generate
Biogenesis-ftheftheoryfthatflivingfcellsfcanfarisefonlyffromfpreexistingflivingfcells.
IdentifyfthefcontributionsftofmicrobiologyfmadefbyfNeedham,fSpallanzani,fVirchow,fandfPas
teur.f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSNeedhamfclaimedfthatfmicroorganismsfcouldfarisef spontaneouslyff
romfheatedfnutrientfbroth
Spallanzanifsuggestedfneedhamfresultsfwerefdueftofmicroorganismsfinfthefairfthatfwerefent
eringfhisfbroth.
Virchowfbiogenesis
Pateurfexperimentsfthatfformedfthefbasisfforfasepticftechnique.
, IdentifyfthefimportancefoffKoch'sfpostulates.f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSProvedf thatfmicroorganismsf causedfdisease
ExplainfhowfPasteur'sfworkfinfluencedfListerfandfKoch.f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSBecausefhefparticipatedf infthefdevelopmentfoffgermf theoryf (ideaf tha
tfmicroorganismsfmightfcausefdisease)Coinedftheftermfvaccinefandfthatfthefprotectionffromf
diseaseforfrecoveryfisfcalledfimmunity,fandfdiscoveredfthatfavirulentfbacteriafcanfbefusedftof
cureffowlfcholera
IdentifyfthefimportancefoffJenner'sfwork.f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSHef demonstratedfthatf inoculationf withf cowpoxfmaterialf providedfhu
mansfwithfimmunityffromfsmallfpox
IdentifyfthefcontributionsftofmicrobiologyfmadefbyfEhrlichfandfFleming.f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSEhrlichf introducedfanfarsenicf containingf chemicalf calledfsalvarsanf t
oftxfsyphilis
Flemmingfobservedfthatfmoldf(penicillium)finhibitedfthefgrowthfoffafbacterialfculture.
Definefbacteriology,fmycology,fparasitology,fimmunology,fandfvirology.f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSBacteriology:fthefstudyfoff bacteria
Mycology:fthefstudyfofffungi
Parasitology:fthefstudyfoffparasiticfprotozoafandfworms
Immunology:fthefstudyfoffimmunity
Virology:fstudyfoffviruses
ExplainfthefimportancefoffrecombinantfDNAftechnology.f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSbacteriafcanfproducefsubstancesf suchfasfproteins,f vaccines,fandfe
nzymes
Listfatfleastffourfbeneficialfactivitiesfoffmicroorganisms.f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSMicroorganismsf degradefdeadfplantsfandfanimalsfandfrecyclef che
micalfelementsftofbefusedfbyflivingfplantsfandfanimals.fBacteriafarefusedftofdecomposeforga
nicfmatterfinfsewage,fandfbioremediationfprocessesfusefbacteriaftofcleanfupftoxicfwastes.fB
acteriafarefbeingfusedftofcontrolfinsectfpopulations,fandfmicrobesfarefcommonlyfusedftofma
kefproductsfsuchfasffoodfandfchemicalsf(calledfbiotechnology).
Listftwofexamplesfoffbiotechnologyfthatfusefgeneticfengineeringfandftwofexamplesfthatfdofn
ot.f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSagricultureftofprotectfplantsffromffrostfandf insectsf andf tof improvef the
f shelff lifefoffproducts
Definefnormalfmicrobiotafandfresistance.f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSThisfdistinctionf isfafbalancefbetweenfthefdisease-
producingfpropertiesfoffafspeciesfoffafmicrobe,fandfthefhost'sfresistancef(thefabilityftofwardfo
fffdiseases).fWhenfresistancefisflowfinfthefhost,fanfinfectiousfdiseasefmayfoccur,fonefinfwhic
hfpathogensfinvadefafsusceptiblefhost.
Definefandfdescribefseveralfinfectiousfdiseases.f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSVRE,f PNU,f MRSA,f CDIFF
Describefemergingfinfectiousfdiseases.f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSHIV,f AIDS,f Ebola,fWestfNile
Howfdidftheftheoryfoffbiogenesisfleadfthefwayfforfthefgermftheoryfoffdisease?f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSThef theoryf gavef lightf tofaf wholef newf worldfoff studies.fWithoutfbioge
nsisfwefwouldntfhavefdiscoveredfvaccines,forfthisfdifferentfdiseasesfwefknowfaboutfnowfand
fhowftoftreatfthem.
AND VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2025
Listfseveralfwaysfinfwhichfmicrobesfaffectfourflives.f-
f CORRECTfANSWERS·f Maintenancefoffanf ecologicalf balancef onfearth
Produceffoodsfandfchemicalfnecessaryfforfthefsurvivalfoffhumans
f Maintainfhealthfpresentfonf yourf skin,f inf yourf mouth,fandf inf yourf stomach
Recognizefthefsystemfoffscientificfnomenclaturefthatfusesfgenusfandfspecificfepithetfnames
.f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSDesignedf byf CarolusfLinnaeusfeachflivingf organismf isfassignedftwo
fnames.fThef genusf isf theffirstfnamefandf isfalwaysf capitalized.f Thefspeciesf nameffollowsf andf i
sfnotfcapitalized.
Differentiatefamongfthefmajorfcharacteristicsfoffeachfgroupfoffmicroorganisms.f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSMostf commonfshapesfoffbacteria:fBacilliusf (rodlike);f Coccusf (spher
icalforfovoid);fspiralf(corkscrewforfcurved).
Archaea:f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSconsistfoffprokaryoticf cellsfandf don'tfhavef cellfwalls.f Theyf livef infextr
emefenvironments
Fungi:f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSeukaryoticf organismsfhavefdistinctfnucleus.f Canf bef uni/multicellula
r
Protozoa:f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSeukaryotic;f unicellular.fMostf arefparasites,fnamesfmeansf"firstfanim
als"
Algae:f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSuni/multicellularf thatfobtainf nourishmentf throughf photosynthesis.
Viruses:f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSnonfcellularf thatfarefparasitesfoff cells.f Structurallyf simple,fdifficultftof
kill.fSmallerfthanfbacteria.
Allforganismsfarefclassifiedfintofthreefbasicfdomains.fWhatfarefthefdomains?f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSBacteria,fArchaea,fandfEukarya.
ExplainfthefimportancefoffobservationsfmadefbyfHookefandfvanfLeeuwenhoek.f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSHookefdiscoveryf markedf thatfbeginningf offcellftheoryf -
fthatf allf livingf thingsfarefcomposedf offcells
VAmfLeeuf-fobservationfofflivefmicroorganismsfusingfhisfsimplefmicroscope
Compareftheftheoriesfoffspontaneousfgenerationfandfbiogenesis.f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSSpontaneousf generationf isf thatf lifef couldfspontaneouslyf generate
Biogenesis-ftheftheoryfthatflivingfcellsfcanfarisefonlyffromfpreexistingflivingfcells.
IdentifyfthefcontributionsftofmicrobiologyfmadefbyfNeedham,fSpallanzani,fVirchow,fandfPas
teur.f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSNeedhamfclaimedfthatfmicroorganismsfcouldfarisef spontaneouslyff
romfheatedfnutrientfbroth
Spallanzanifsuggestedfneedhamfresultsfwerefdueftofmicroorganismsfinfthefairfthatfwerefent
eringfhisfbroth.
Virchowfbiogenesis
Pateurfexperimentsfthatfformedfthefbasisfforfasepticftechnique.
, IdentifyfthefimportancefoffKoch'sfpostulates.f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSProvedf thatfmicroorganismsf causedfdisease
ExplainfhowfPasteur'sfworkfinfluencedfListerfandfKoch.f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSBecausefhefparticipatedf infthefdevelopmentfoffgermf theoryf (ideaf tha
tfmicroorganismsfmightfcausefdisease)Coinedftheftermfvaccinefandfthatfthefprotectionffromf
diseaseforfrecoveryfisfcalledfimmunity,fandfdiscoveredfthatfavirulentfbacteriafcanfbefusedftof
cureffowlfcholera
IdentifyfthefimportancefoffJenner'sfwork.f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSHef demonstratedfthatf inoculationf withf cowpoxfmaterialf providedfhu
mansfwithfimmunityffromfsmallfpox
IdentifyfthefcontributionsftofmicrobiologyfmadefbyfEhrlichfandfFleming.f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSEhrlichf introducedfanfarsenicf containingf chemicalf calledfsalvarsanf t
oftxfsyphilis
Flemmingfobservedfthatfmoldf(penicillium)finhibitedfthefgrowthfoffafbacterialfculture.
Definefbacteriology,fmycology,fparasitology,fimmunology,fandfvirology.f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSBacteriology:fthefstudyfoff bacteria
Mycology:fthefstudyfofffungi
Parasitology:fthefstudyfoffparasiticfprotozoafandfworms
Immunology:fthefstudyfoffimmunity
Virology:fstudyfoffviruses
ExplainfthefimportancefoffrecombinantfDNAftechnology.f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSbacteriafcanfproducefsubstancesf suchfasfproteins,f vaccines,fandfe
nzymes
Listfatfleastffourfbeneficialfactivitiesfoffmicroorganisms.f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSMicroorganismsf degradefdeadfplantsfandfanimalsfandfrecyclef che
micalfelementsftofbefusedfbyflivingfplantsfandfanimals.fBacteriafarefusedftofdecomposeforga
nicfmatterfinfsewage,fandfbioremediationfprocessesfusefbacteriaftofcleanfupftoxicfwastes.fB
acteriafarefbeingfusedftofcontrolfinsectfpopulations,fandfmicrobesfarefcommonlyfusedftofma
kefproductsfsuchfasffoodfandfchemicalsf(calledfbiotechnology).
Listftwofexamplesfoffbiotechnologyfthatfusefgeneticfengineeringfandftwofexamplesfthatfdofn
ot.f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSagricultureftofprotectfplantsffromffrostfandf insectsf andf tof improvef the
f shelff lifefoffproducts
Definefnormalfmicrobiotafandfresistance.f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSThisfdistinctionf isfafbalancefbetweenfthefdisease-
producingfpropertiesfoffafspeciesfoffafmicrobe,fandfthefhost'sfresistancef(thefabilityftofwardfo
fffdiseases).fWhenfresistancefisflowfinfthefhost,fanfinfectiousfdiseasefmayfoccur,fonefinfwhic
hfpathogensfinvadefafsusceptiblefhost.
Definefandfdescribefseveralfinfectiousfdiseases.f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSVRE,f PNU,f MRSA,f CDIFF
Describefemergingfinfectiousfdiseases.f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSHIV,f AIDS,f Ebola,fWestfNile
Howfdidftheftheoryfoffbiogenesisfleadfthefwayfforfthefgermftheoryfoffdisease?f-
f CORRECTfANSWERSThef theoryf gavef lightf tofaf wholef newf worldfoff studies.fWithoutfbioge
nsisfwefwouldntfhavefdiscoveredfvaccines,forfthisfdifferentfdiseasesfwefknowfaboutfnowfand
fhowftoftreatfthem.
