80 Questions
Mulitiple Choice:
QUE. 1. Normal compression to ventilation ratio:
1. 30 ∶ 2
2. 15 ∶ 2
3. 2 ∶ 30
4. 15 ∶ 1
Correct Option - 1
• Rationale: The standard CPR compression-to-ventilation ratio for adults is 30:2 (30
compressions followed by 2 breaths) as per AHA/ILCOR guidelines. This ensures
adequate circulation and oxygenation.
• Why not others?
o 15:2 is used for two-rescuer CPR in infants/children.
o 2:30 is incorrect (reversed ratio).
o 15:1 is not a standard ratio.
QUE. 2.While using a cardiotocogram - the given Fetal heart rate to uterine contraction
relation shows: The fetal heart rate gradually decreases and returns to baseline, but the
nadir of the deceleration occurs after the peak of each uterine contraction.
1. Early deceleration
2. Late deceleration
3. Variable deceleration
4. Acceleration
Correct Option - 2
• Rationale: Late decelerations occur when the fetal heart rate gradually decreases
after the peak of a contraction (nadir after contraction) due to uteroplacental
insufficiency.
• Why not others?
, o Early deceleration: Mirrors contractions (nadir aligns with peak).
o Variable deceleration: Abrupt, unpredictable drops (cord compression).
o Acceleration: Increase in FHR (normal fetal response).
QUE. 3 Contraindications of nasopharyngeal airway is:
1. Skull base Fracture
2. Sedated patient
3. Unconscious
4. During dental procedures
Correct Option - 1
• Rationale: A nasopharyngeal airway is avoided in skull base fractures due to the
risk of intracranial insertion.
• Why not others?
o Sedated/unconscious patients are indications (not contraindications).
o Dental procedures are unrelated.
QUE. 4 Complication of high flow of ventilation: .
1. Aspiration
2. Pneumothorax
3. Diaphragmatic
4. Hernia COPD
Correct Option – 2
• Rationale: High-flow ventilation can cause barotrauma, leading to pneumothorax
(air in pleural space).
• Why not others?
o Aspiration is unrelated to flow rate.
o Diaphragmatic hernia/COPD are pre-existing conditions.
,QUE. 5 A patient requires 60% FiO₂. Which oxygen delivery device is MOST appropriate for
precise delivery of this concentration?
1. Nasal cannula
2. Simple face mask
3. Venturi mask
4. Non – rebreather mask
Correct Option – 3
• Rationale: Venturi masks are designed for precise FiO₂ delivery (24-60%) via color-
coded adapters.
The yellow adapter provides 60% FiO₂ at 15 L/min flow rate.
• Other devices cannot guarantee exact FiO₂:
o Nasal cannula (A): Max 44% at 6 L/min (variable)
o Simple mask (B): Delivers 40-60% but less precise
o Non-rebreather (D): Provides >90% FiO₂
QUE. 6 A patient is having calcium level of 7 mg/dL. Identify ECG changes seen in this
patient?
1. T wave inversion
2. Prolonged QT interval
3. Prominent T wave
4. Peak U wave
Correct Option – 2
• Rationale: Hypocalcemia prolongs the QT interval due to delayed ventricular
repolarization.
• Why not others?
o T-wave inversion is seen in ischemia.
o Prominent U waves occur in hypokalemia.
, QUE. 7 Identify the abnormality seen in this patient: pH - 7.25, pCO2 - 40, HCO3 - 22, Na -
150, Cl - 100
1. Metabolic acidosis
2. Respiratory acidosis
3. Metabolic alkalosis
4. Respiratory alkalosis
Correct Option – 1
• Rationale:
o pH < 7.35 = Acidosis.
o Normal pCO₂ (40) rules out respiratory cause.
o HCO₃⁻ (22) is normal, but non-anion gap acidosis may exist (e.g., diarrhea).
QUE. 8 During suctioning, the patient complains of respiratory distress. First nursing action
should be:
1. Immediately remove suction catheter
2. Suction rapidly in 5 sec and remove the catheter
3. Call senior nurse
4. Call doctor immediately
Correct Option - 1
• Rationale: First priority is to stop suctioning to restore oxygenation.
QUE. 9 The earliest symptom of Hyponatremia is:
1. Fatigue
2. Ataxia
3. Thirst
4. Weakness
Correct Option - 1
• Rationale:
o Fatigue/lethargy is the earliest neurologic symptom due to cerebral edema
caused by low sodium (Na⁺ <135 mEq/L).
Mulitiple Choice:
QUE. 1. Normal compression to ventilation ratio:
1. 30 ∶ 2
2. 15 ∶ 2
3. 2 ∶ 30
4. 15 ∶ 1
Correct Option - 1
• Rationale: The standard CPR compression-to-ventilation ratio for adults is 30:2 (30
compressions followed by 2 breaths) as per AHA/ILCOR guidelines. This ensures
adequate circulation and oxygenation.
• Why not others?
o 15:2 is used for two-rescuer CPR in infants/children.
o 2:30 is incorrect (reversed ratio).
o 15:1 is not a standard ratio.
QUE. 2.While using a cardiotocogram - the given Fetal heart rate to uterine contraction
relation shows: The fetal heart rate gradually decreases and returns to baseline, but the
nadir of the deceleration occurs after the peak of each uterine contraction.
1. Early deceleration
2. Late deceleration
3. Variable deceleration
4. Acceleration
Correct Option - 2
• Rationale: Late decelerations occur when the fetal heart rate gradually decreases
after the peak of a contraction (nadir after contraction) due to uteroplacental
insufficiency.
• Why not others?
, o Early deceleration: Mirrors contractions (nadir aligns with peak).
o Variable deceleration: Abrupt, unpredictable drops (cord compression).
o Acceleration: Increase in FHR (normal fetal response).
QUE. 3 Contraindications of nasopharyngeal airway is:
1. Skull base Fracture
2. Sedated patient
3. Unconscious
4. During dental procedures
Correct Option - 1
• Rationale: A nasopharyngeal airway is avoided in skull base fractures due to the
risk of intracranial insertion.
• Why not others?
o Sedated/unconscious patients are indications (not contraindications).
o Dental procedures are unrelated.
QUE. 4 Complication of high flow of ventilation: .
1. Aspiration
2. Pneumothorax
3. Diaphragmatic
4. Hernia COPD
Correct Option – 2
• Rationale: High-flow ventilation can cause barotrauma, leading to pneumothorax
(air in pleural space).
• Why not others?
o Aspiration is unrelated to flow rate.
o Diaphragmatic hernia/COPD are pre-existing conditions.
,QUE. 5 A patient requires 60% FiO₂. Which oxygen delivery device is MOST appropriate for
precise delivery of this concentration?
1. Nasal cannula
2. Simple face mask
3. Venturi mask
4. Non – rebreather mask
Correct Option – 3
• Rationale: Venturi masks are designed for precise FiO₂ delivery (24-60%) via color-
coded adapters.
The yellow adapter provides 60% FiO₂ at 15 L/min flow rate.
• Other devices cannot guarantee exact FiO₂:
o Nasal cannula (A): Max 44% at 6 L/min (variable)
o Simple mask (B): Delivers 40-60% but less precise
o Non-rebreather (D): Provides >90% FiO₂
QUE. 6 A patient is having calcium level of 7 mg/dL. Identify ECG changes seen in this
patient?
1. T wave inversion
2. Prolonged QT interval
3. Prominent T wave
4. Peak U wave
Correct Option – 2
• Rationale: Hypocalcemia prolongs the QT interval due to delayed ventricular
repolarization.
• Why not others?
o T-wave inversion is seen in ischemia.
o Prominent U waves occur in hypokalemia.
, QUE. 7 Identify the abnormality seen in this patient: pH - 7.25, pCO2 - 40, HCO3 - 22, Na -
150, Cl - 100
1. Metabolic acidosis
2. Respiratory acidosis
3. Metabolic alkalosis
4. Respiratory alkalosis
Correct Option – 1
• Rationale:
o pH < 7.35 = Acidosis.
o Normal pCO₂ (40) rules out respiratory cause.
o HCO₃⁻ (22) is normal, but non-anion gap acidosis may exist (e.g., diarrhea).
QUE. 8 During suctioning, the patient complains of respiratory distress. First nursing action
should be:
1. Immediately remove suction catheter
2. Suction rapidly in 5 sec and remove the catheter
3. Call senior nurse
4. Call doctor immediately
Correct Option - 1
• Rationale: First priority is to stop suctioning to restore oxygenation.
QUE. 9 The earliest symptom of Hyponatremia is:
1. Fatigue
2. Ataxia
3. Thirst
4. Weakness
Correct Option - 1
• Rationale:
o Fatigue/lethargy is the earliest neurologic symptom due to cerebral edema
caused by low sodium (Na⁺ <135 mEq/L).
