NSG 2113 FINAL EXAM COMPLETE 400 QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWER-S (100%
CORRECT ANSWER-S) /ALREADY GRADED A+
Top 3 causes of death in CanadaANSWER- 1. Cancer
2. Heart disease
3. Patient safety incidents
Procedure-related accidentsANSWER- Hospital acquired infections (any tube that goes into a
patient poses a risk)
Performing surgery in wrong anatomical location
Equipment-related accidentsANSWER- Issues with mechanical aspect of equipment
Patient-inherent accidentsANSWER- accidents (other than falls) in which a patient is the
primary reason for the accident
Number 1 cause of patients injuries in the hospitalANSWER- Falls
A lot of acute care hospitals work with adults
They usually have multiple issues going on (ex: diabetes and heart disease) → putting them in a
new environment increases the risk of falls
Infectious agentsANSWER- Viruses that may spread rapidly through the unit
Over the next 30 years, it is expected that: a patients safety incident (PSI) will occur in Canada
nearly every minute, and a resulting a death nearly every ______ANSWER- 13 minutes
What is the most prevalent patient safety incident in the acute care system in Canada?
ANSWER- Falls and infections are the most common causes
,Adverse event (AE)ANSWER- is a type of injury that most frequently is due to an error in
medical or surgical treatment rather than the underlying medical condition of the patient.
Adverse events may be preventable when there is a failure to follow accepted practice at a
system or individual level.
- unintended injury, prolonged hospitalization, or physical disability that results from medical or
surgical patient management.
- complications resulting from prolonged hospitalization or by factors inherent in the healthcare
system.
Sentinel event:ANSWER- When someone dies from an unexpected outcome
Near miss:ANSWER- When person could have had a bad outcome but somehow avoided it
Swiss Cheese ModelANSWER- - All sorts of barriers in place (both physical and not) so errors
don't happen
- Maybe there's some issues with the barriers → "holes get poked into barriers"
EX.
- Don't have all the allergies of the patient
- Not enough supervision/mentors for new nurses
- Broken machines
What happens when the nurse/doctor makes a mistake?ANSWER- - Focus is always on
prevention
- Patient-Inherent accidents
- Equipment related accidents
,MEDICATION ERRORSANSWER- Labels - End user does not usually design how the medications
look.
Illegible writing
Unapproved abbreviations (morph for morphine)
Symbols
- Agencies will have a set of symbols/abbreviations they use so its important to stick to symbols
used by the agency you work at in order to not confuse others
Risk to Patient Safety: FALLSANSWER- Fall: is an abrupt, uncontrolled, downward change in
position, in which the potential for injury exists or in which an actual injury occurs
Near fall:ANSWER- a potential fall that is prevented through purposeful actions
Repeat faller:ANSWER- has had 2 or more falls within the last 3 months
Interventions for fallsANSWER- - Assess the patient's risk for falls
- Know the indicators
- Implement fall reduction strategies
- More risks they have → more likely they are to fall
Physiological Related Changes due to Aging (Falls)ANSWER- - Altered center of gravity
- Deterioration in eyesight and hearing
- Injuries from activity (eg: used to be a runner and have a injury that now affects balance and
motility)
, - Medications with side effects
- Deconditioning form lack of activity (lose muscle mass from being sedentary)
- Certain diseases put people at risk (Parkinsons, MS)
Where do most falls happen?ANSWER- Most falls happen at home
domino effect →ANSWER- more hesitant to engage in activities because of worries with falling
again but being sedentary also reduced muscle mass increasing the risk for falls (maladaptive)
More statistics about FallsANSWER- - Falls are the leading cause of injury in older adults
- Falls cause 90% of all hip fractures
- Over 1/3 of older adults go to LTC after being hospitalized for a fall
- Also have chronic pain, loss of independence, reduced mobility or death
Why falls happen - Personal and MedicalANSWER- Conditions like Parkinsons and MS that
affect someone physical and change their motility/balance → increased fall risk
Why falls happen - BehaviouralANSWER- Changes to lifestyle related to the fear of falling
Their behaviors have changed such as sleep patterns, engagement in activity and substance use
What do they do around the house? Eg: pulling up a chair to reach something up high, after a
fall, might not try this
Why falls happen - EnvironmentalANSWER- What are the stairs like?
Safe walkways during winter, ice can increase risk of falls
Lighting, visual changes can put older adults at risk
Pets may also interfere with balance
CORRECT ANSWER-S) /ALREADY GRADED A+
Top 3 causes of death in CanadaANSWER- 1. Cancer
2. Heart disease
3. Patient safety incidents
Procedure-related accidentsANSWER- Hospital acquired infections (any tube that goes into a
patient poses a risk)
Performing surgery in wrong anatomical location
Equipment-related accidentsANSWER- Issues with mechanical aspect of equipment
Patient-inherent accidentsANSWER- accidents (other than falls) in which a patient is the
primary reason for the accident
Number 1 cause of patients injuries in the hospitalANSWER- Falls
A lot of acute care hospitals work with adults
They usually have multiple issues going on (ex: diabetes and heart disease) → putting them in a
new environment increases the risk of falls
Infectious agentsANSWER- Viruses that may spread rapidly through the unit
Over the next 30 years, it is expected that: a patients safety incident (PSI) will occur in Canada
nearly every minute, and a resulting a death nearly every ______ANSWER- 13 minutes
What is the most prevalent patient safety incident in the acute care system in Canada?
ANSWER- Falls and infections are the most common causes
,Adverse event (AE)ANSWER- is a type of injury that most frequently is due to an error in
medical or surgical treatment rather than the underlying medical condition of the patient.
Adverse events may be preventable when there is a failure to follow accepted practice at a
system or individual level.
- unintended injury, prolonged hospitalization, or physical disability that results from medical or
surgical patient management.
- complications resulting from prolonged hospitalization or by factors inherent in the healthcare
system.
Sentinel event:ANSWER- When someone dies from an unexpected outcome
Near miss:ANSWER- When person could have had a bad outcome but somehow avoided it
Swiss Cheese ModelANSWER- - All sorts of barriers in place (both physical and not) so errors
don't happen
- Maybe there's some issues with the barriers → "holes get poked into barriers"
EX.
- Don't have all the allergies of the patient
- Not enough supervision/mentors for new nurses
- Broken machines
What happens when the nurse/doctor makes a mistake?ANSWER- - Focus is always on
prevention
- Patient-Inherent accidents
- Equipment related accidents
,MEDICATION ERRORSANSWER- Labels - End user does not usually design how the medications
look.
Illegible writing
Unapproved abbreviations (morph for morphine)
Symbols
- Agencies will have a set of symbols/abbreviations they use so its important to stick to symbols
used by the agency you work at in order to not confuse others
Risk to Patient Safety: FALLSANSWER- Fall: is an abrupt, uncontrolled, downward change in
position, in which the potential for injury exists or in which an actual injury occurs
Near fall:ANSWER- a potential fall that is prevented through purposeful actions
Repeat faller:ANSWER- has had 2 or more falls within the last 3 months
Interventions for fallsANSWER- - Assess the patient's risk for falls
- Know the indicators
- Implement fall reduction strategies
- More risks they have → more likely they are to fall
Physiological Related Changes due to Aging (Falls)ANSWER- - Altered center of gravity
- Deterioration in eyesight and hearing
- Injuries from activity (eg: used to be a runner and have a injury that now affects balance and
motility)
, - Medications with side effects
- Deconditioning form lack of activity (lose muscle mass from being sedentary)
- Certain diseases put people at risk (Parkinsons, MS)
Where do most falls happen?ANSWER- Most falls happen at home
domino effect →ANSWER- more hesitant to engage in activities because of worries with falling
again but being sedentary also reduced muscle mass increasing the risk for falls (maladaptive)
More statistics about FallsANSWER- - Falls are the leading cause of injury in older adults
- Falls cause 90% of all hip fractures
- Over 1/3 of older adults go to LTC after being hospitalized for a fall
- Also have chronic pain, loss of independence, reduced mobility or death
Why falls happen - Personal and MedicalANSWER- Conditions like Parkinsons and MS that
affect someone physical and change their motility/balance → increased fall risk
Why falls happen - BehaviouralANSWER- Changes to lifestyle related to the fear of falling
Their behaviors have changed such as sleep patterns, engagement in activity and substance use
What do they do around the house? Eg: pulling up a chair to reach something up high, after a
fall, might not try this
Why falls happen - EnvironmentalANSWER- What are the stairs like?
Safe walkways during winter, ice can increase risk of falls
Lighting, visual changes can put older adults at risk
Pets may also interfere with balance
