Portage learning genetics BIOD 210 module 7 exam questions and correct answers
Genetic diseases that cause mutations
What is cancer?
in somatic cell
- mutations result in expression of abnor-
mal genes
2 clauses of mutations
- mutations result in abnormal expres-
sion of normal genes
uncontrolled, abnormal cell growth and
proliferation
division
defects in restraints that keep cancer
cells localized to a certain part of the metastasis
body
what type of tumor can grow if there is
benign
proliferation but no metastasis
what type of tumor can grow if there is
proliferation + metastasis and another malignant
tumor starts growing in a dif location?
refers to the fact that a singe cell is re-
clonal
sponsible for the origin of cancer
What causes Chronic Myelogenous Philadelphia chromosome (translocation
Leukemia? of chromosomes 9 and 22)
Translocation from normal chromosome
philadelphia chromosome
9 onto normal chromosome 22
C-ABL (kinase)
what 2 genes are involved in Philadel- BCR
phia chromosome/ --> creates BCR ABL and ABL is con-
stantly on in mutated form
- thousands of these mutations occur
- usually develop due to inability of can-
cer cell to repair its own DNA passenger mutation
- dont heavily contribute to phenotype
- extremely varied cell to cell in individual
- 6-8 of these mutations occur in a cancer
cell
driver mutation
- impart a growth or survival advantage
to the cell
1/5
, Portage learning genetics BIOD 210 module 7 exam questions and correct answers
- contribute directly to phenotype
- stays consistent in all cells in an individ-
ual
undifferentiated cells that have not yet
undergone process to become any cer- stem cells
tain cell type
development of malignant tumor tumorigenesis
what is the first step in colon cancer
where cells grow that look nothing like APG gene
regular colon, but small and not spread- small adenoma/polyp
ing? and what is the gene?
what is the second mutation in colon can-
Kras gene
cer (and gene) where cell growth is now
large adenoma
uncontrolled?
What is the third stage of colon cancer
More genes mutated
and what now has ability to travel and
Carcinoma
turns into malignant cancer
Inability to:
- control cell death
3 drivers of cancer development
- control cell growth
- REPAIR DNA
G1/S Checkpoint cell monitors size and DNA integrity
S phase of cell cycle DNA replication
cell monitors DNA synthesis and dam-
G2/M Checkpoint
age
cell monitors spindle formation and at-
M Checkpoint
tachment to kinetochores
G0 (quiescence) the cell is in a resting state, no replication
expressed to. help certain processes
Why are cyclins important?
happen in the cell cycle
- well-controlled, programmed cell death
- done in a manner where small apoptotic
apoptosis
bodies are engulfed to avoid inflamma-
tion
2/5
Genetic diseases that cause mutations
What is cancer?
in somatic cell
- mutations result in expression of abnor-
mal genes
2 clauses of mutations
- mutations result in abnormal expres-
sion of normal genes
uncontrolled, abnormal cell growth and
proliferation
division
defects in restraints that keep cancer
cells localized to a certain part of the metastasis
body
what type of tumor can grow if there is
benign
proliferation but no metastasis
what type of tumor can grow if there is
proliferation + metastasis and another malignant
tumor starts growing in a dif location?
refers to the fact that a singe cell is re-
clonal
sponsible for the origin of cancer
What causes Chronic Myelogenous Philadelphia chromosome (translocation
Leukemia? of chromosomes 9 and 22)
Translocation from normal chromosome
philadelphia chromosome
9 onto normal chromosome 22
C-ABL (kinase)
what 2 genes are involved in Philadel- BCR
phia chromosome/ --> creates BCR ABL and ABL is con-
stantly on in mutated form
- thousands of these mutations occur
- usually develop due to inability of can-
cer cell to repair its own DNA passenger mutation
- dont heavily contribute to phenotype
- extremely varied cell to cell in individual
- 6-8 of these mutations occur in a cancer
cell
driver mutation
- impart a growth or survival advantage
to the cell
1/5
, Portage learning genetics BIOD 210 module 7 exam questions and correct answers
- contribute directly to phenotype
- stays consistent in all cells in an individ-
ual
undifferentiated cells that have not yet
undergone process to become any cer- stem cells
tain cell type
development of malignant tumor tumorigenesis
what is the first step in colon cancer
where cells grow that look nothing like APG gene
regular colon, but small and not spread- small adenoma/polyp
ing? and what is the gene?
what is the second mutation in colon can-
Kras gene
cer (and gene) where cell growth is now
large adenoma
uncontrolled?
What is the third stage of colon cancer
More genes mutated
and what now has ability to travel and
Carcinoma
turns into malignant cancer
Inability to:
- control cell death
3 drivers of cancer development
- control cell growth
- REPAIR DNA
G1/S Checkpoint cell monitors size and DNA integrity
S phase of cell cycle DNA replication
cell monitors DNA synthesis and dam-
G2/M Checkpoint
age
cell monitors spindle formation and at-
M Checkpoint
tachment to kinetochores
G0 (quiescence) the cell is in a resting state, no replication
expressed to. help certain processes
Why are cyclins important?
happen in the cell cycle
- well-controlled, programmed cell death
- done in a manner where small apoptotic
apoptosis
bodies are engulfed to avoid inflamma-
tion
2/5
