LANGUAGE LESSON 1: Parts of Speech UPCAT LP: POS
PROFICIENCY Made by Carlalu
TYPES OF PRONOUNS
NOUNS
● Personal Pronouns - Pronouns that refer to individuals or
● Words that refer to people, places, or something. groups.
○ E.g. dog, city, happiness, Juan Dela Cruz ○ E.g. I, you, he, she, it, we, they
○ E.g. You are the love of my life.
TYPES OF NOUNS ● Possessive Pronouns - Pronouns that show ownership or
possession.
● Common Nouns - General term for people, places, or ○ E.g. mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs
something. ○ E.g. That pencil is mine.
○ E.g. cat, town, organisation ● Demonstrative Pronouns - Pronouns that point out
specific things.
○ You cannot capitalize a common noun unless it is
the first word of a sentence. ○ E.g. this, that, these, those
○ E.g. The town is small. ○ E.g. Put these in that cabinet.
● Proper Nouns - Words for specific names of people, ● Interrogative Pronouns - Pronouns that are used to ask
places, organizations, etc. questions.
○ E.g. Davao City, Abraham Lincoln, Microsoft ○ E.g. who, what, which, whom, whose
○ Always capitalise Proper Nouns ○ E.g. Who took my pencil?
○ E.g. Abraham Lincoln is the 16th president of the ● Indefinite Pronouns - Pronouns that refer to non-specific
United States. people or things.
● Collective Nouns - Words that unifies a group as a whole. ○ E.g. someone, something, anyone, anything,
nobody, nothing
○ E.g. team, family, flock
○ E.g. We are family. ○ E.g. I have nothing to say.
● Abstract Nouns - Concepts, Emotions, or Ideas (Basically ● Relative Pronouns - Pronouns that introduce relative
something not physical but imaginary) clauses.
○ E.g. love, happiness, freedom ○ E.g. who, which, that, whom, whose
○ E.g. All I wanted was freedom. ○ E.g. The person who called me is my friend.
● Concrete Nouns - Things that can be perceived by the five ● Reflexive Pronouns - Pronouns that refer back to the
senses (Sight, Hearing, Taste, Smell, and Touch). subject of the sentence.
○ E.g. book, chair, pencil ○ E.g. myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself,
ourselves, themselves
○ E.g. I am holding a book.
● Countable Nouns - Things that can be counted ○ E.g. They will turn themselves in.
individually. ● Intensive Pronouns - Pronouns that emphasizes or
intensifies a noun or pronoun.
○ E.g. two balls, a dozen eggs, three coins
○ E.g. I'm gonna buy a dozen eggs. ○ E.g myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself,
ourselves, themselves
● Uncountable Nouns - Things that cannot be counted
individually. ○ E.g. She herself said that she wants to go.
○ E.g. sand, air, water ● Reciprocal Pronouns - Words that express mutual actions
or relationships between two or more people or things.
○ E.g. We are breathing air.
● Compound Nouns - Nouns that are combined to make a ○ E.g. each other, one another
new noun. ○ E.g. The team members supported one another.
○ E.g. book + shelf = bookshelf
○ E.g. In the sea, there is saltwater. While Relative Pronouns and Interrogative Pronouns may look
similar, they serve different purposes. One way to distinguish
PRONOUNS between the two is that Interrogative Pronouns are always used
in a question.
● The sentence “Who took my pencil?” uses an
● Words that are used to replace a noun in a sentence to Interrogative Pronoun because it uses the word who to
avoid repetition. ask a question.
○ E.g. he, she, I, they, them, etc. ● The sentence “The person who called me is my friend.”
uses a Relative Pronoun because the word who was
used to introduce someone, in this case is the friend.
UPCAT LP: POS 1
PROFICIENCY Made by Carlalu
TYPES OF PRONOUNS
NOUNS
● Personal Pronouns - Pronouns that refer to individuals or
● Words that refer to people, places, or something. groups.
○ E.g. dog, city, happiness, Juan Dela Cruz ○ E.g. I, you, he, she, it, we, they
○ E.g. You are the love of my life.
TYPES OF NOUNS ● Possessive Pronouns - Pronouns that show ownership or
possession.
● Common Nouns - General term for people, places, or ○ E.g. mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs
something. ○ E.g. That pencil is mine.
○ E.g. cat, town, organisation ● Demonstrative Pronouns - Pronouns that point out
specific things.
○ You cannot capitalize a common noun unless it is
the first word of a sentence. ○ E.g. this, that, these, those
○ E.g. The town is small. ○ E.g. Put these in that cabinet.
● Proper Nouns - Words for specific names of people, ● Interrogative Pronouns - Pronouns that are used to ask
places, organizations, etc. questions.
○ E.g. Davao City, Abraham Lincoln, Microsoft ○ E.g. who, what, which, whom, whose
○ Always capitalise Proper Nouns ○ E.g. Who took my pencil?
○ E.g. Abraham Lincoln is the 16th president of the ● Indefinite Pronouns - Pronouns that refer to non-specific
United States. people or things.
● Collective Nouns - Words that unifies a group as a whole. ○ E.g. someone, something, anyone, anything,
nobody, nothing
○ E.g. team, family, flock
○ E.g. We are family. ○ E.g. I have nothing to say.
● Abstract Nouns - Concepts, Emotions, or Ideas (Basically ● Relative Pronouns - Pronouns that introduce relative
something not physical but imaginary) clauses.
○ E.g. love, happiness, freedom ○ E.g. who, which, that, whom, whose
○ E.g. All I wanted was freedom. ○ E.g. The person who called me is my friend.
● Concrete Nouns - Things that can be perceived by the five ● Reflexive Pronouns - Pronouns that refer back to the
senses (Sight, Hearing, Taste, Smell, and Touch). subject of the sentence.
○ E.g. book, chair, pencil ○ E.g. myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself,
ourselves, themselves
○ E.g. I am holding a book.
● Countable Nouns - Things that can be counted ○ E.g. They will turn themselves in.
individually. ● Intensive Pronouns - Pronouns that emphasizes or
intensifies a noun or pronoun.
○ E.g. two balls, a dozen eggs, three coins
○ E.g. I'm gonna buy a dozen eggs. ○ E.g myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself,
ourselves, themselves
● Uncountable Nouns - Things that cannot be counted
individually. ○ E.g. She herself said that she wants to go.
○ E.g. sand, air, water ● Reciprocal Pronouns - Words that express mutual actions
or relationships between two or more people or things.
○ E.g. We are breathing air.
● Compound Nouns - Nouns that are combined to make a ○ E.g. each other, one another
new noun. ○ E.g. The team members supported one another.
○ E.g. book + shelf = bookshelf
○ E.g. In the sea, there is saltwater. While Relative Pronouns and Interrogative Pronouns may look
similar, they serve different purposes. One way to distinguish
PRONOUNS between the two is that Interrogative Pronouns are always used
in a question.
● The sentence “Who took my pencil?” uses an
● Words that are used to replace a noun in a sentence to Interrogative Pronoun because it uses the word who to
avoid repetition. ask a question.
○ E.g. he, she, I, they, them, etc. ● The sentence “The person who called me is my friend.”
uses a Relative Pronoun because the word who was
used to introduce someone, in this case is the friend.
UPCAT LP: POS 1
