LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY: PHRASES AND CLAUSES

LANGUAGE LESSON 3: Phrases and Clauses UPCAT LP: PAC
PROFICIENC Made by Carlalu
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SENTENCES
MAIN PARTS OF A SENTENCE
●​ A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete
thought. It typically contains at least: ●​ Subject - The subject is the person, place, thing, or idea
○​ A subject (who or what the sentence is about) that the sentence is about — it performs the action or is
○​ A predicate (what the subject does or is) being described.
For example: ●​ Predicate - The predicate is the part of the sentence that
○​ "The cat sleeps." tells what the subject does or what is said about the
○​ Subject: The cat subject — it always includes the verb.
○​ Predicate: sleeps
○​ Complete thought: Yes. TYPES OF SUBJECTS

TYPES OF SENTENCES BASED ON PURPOSE ●​ Simple Subject - Just the main word (usually a noun or
pronoun).
1.​ Declarative Sentence – A sentence that makes a ○​ E.g. Cats sleep all day.
statement and ends with a period. ●​ Complete Subject - The simple subject plus all its
○​ E.g. The sky is blue. modifiers.
2.​ Interrogative Sentence – A sentence that asks a question ○​ E.g. The black and white cats sleep all day.
and ends with a question mark. ●​ Compound Subject - When two or more subjects are
○​ E.g. Are you coming to the party? joined by a conjunction.
3.​ Imperative Sentence – A sentence that gives a command ○​ E.g. John and Mary went to the store.
or request; ends with a period (or exclamation point if
forceful). TYPES OF PREDICATES
○​ E.g. Please close the door.
○​ E.g. Stop right there! ●​ Simple Predicate - The main verb or verb phrase.
4.​ Exclamatory Sentence – A sentence that expresses strong ○​ E.g. The dog barked.
emotion and ends with an exclamation point.
●​ Complete Predicate - The verb plus all words related to it
○​ E.g. What a beautiful view! (objects, modifiers, etc.).
○​ E.g. The dog barked at the stranger.
TYPES OF SENTENCES BASED ON STRUCTURE ●​ Compound Predicate - Two or more verbs/actions linked
by a conjunction.
1.​ Simple Sentence - A sentence that contains one ○​ E.g. The dog barked and growled.
independent clause (a complete thought) and has no
dependent (subordinate) clauses. COMPLEMENTS
○​ E.g. The dog barked.
2.​ Compound Sentence - A sentence that contains two or ●​ In a sentence, a complement is a word or group of words
more independent clauses and is joined by a coordinating that completes the meaning of the subject or verb. It’s
conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) or a semicolon. necessary to make the sentence complete or clear.
○​ E.g. She studied for the test, and she passed it. There are two main kinds of Complements
3.​ Complex Sentence - A sentence that contains one ○​ Subject Complement - A complement that
independent clause and at least one dependent clause. follows a linking verb (like is, are, was, were,
○​ E.g. Although it rained, we went hiking. becomes, seems) and it describes or renames
4.​ Compound-Complex Sentence - A sentence that contains the subject.
at least two independent clauses and at least one
dependent clause. Types of Subject Complement
○​ E.g. Although it was late, she finished the ●​ Predicate Noun/Nominative: Renames the subject.
○​ Example: She is a teacher.
project, and she emailed it to her teacher.
●​ Predicate Adjective: Describes the subject.
○​ Example: The sky looks blue.



UPCAT LP: PAC 1