lOMoARcPSD| 126
w w
, lOMoARcPSD| 126
w w
Test Bank for Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care
w w w w w w w w w w w
7th Edition Dains w w w
Chapter 1: Clinical Reasoning, Differential Diagnosis, Evidence-Based Practice, and Symptom Analysis
w w w w w w w w w w
Multiple Choice
w
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
w w w w w w w w w w w
1. Which wtype wof wclinical wdecision-making wis wmost wreliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
2. Which wof wthe wfollowing wis wfalse? wTo wobtain wadequate whistory, whealth-care wproviders wmust wbe:
A. Methodical wand wsystematic
B. Attentive wto wthe wpatient‘s wverbal wand wnonverbal
wlanguage
C. Able wto waccuratelywinterpret wthe wpatient‘s wresponses
D. Adept wat wreading wintowthe wpatient‘s wstatements
3. Essential wparts wof wa whealth whistorywinclude wall wof wthe wfollowing wexcept:
A. Chief wcomplaint
B. Historywof wthe wpresent willness
C. Current wvital wsigns
D. All wof wthe wabove ware wessential whistory
wcomponents
4. Which wof wthe wfollowing wis wfalse? wWhile wperforming wthe wphysical wexamination, wthe wexaminer wmust wbe wable wto:
A. Differentiate wbetween wnormal wand wabnormal wfindings
B. Recall wknowledge wof wa wrange wof wconditions wand wtheir wassociated wsigns wand
wsymptoms
C. Recognize whow wcertain wconditions waffect wthe wresponse wto wother wconditions
D. Foresee wunpredictable w findings
5. The wfollowing wis wthe wleast wreliable wsource wof winformation wfor wdiagnostic wstatistics:
A. Evidence-based w investigations
B. Primarywreports wof wresearch
C. Estimation wbased won wa wprovider‘s
wexperience
D. Published w meta-analyses
6. The wfollowing wcan wbe wused wto wassist win wsound wclinical wdecision-making:
A. Algorithmwpublished win wa wpeer-reviewed wjournal
warticle
B. Clinical wpractice wguidelines
C. Evidence-based w research
D. All wof wthe wabove
7. If wa wdiagnostic wstudywhas whigh wsensitivity, wthis windicates wa:
A. High wpercentage wof wpersons wwith wthe wgiven wcondition wwill whave wan wabnormal
wresult
B. Low wpercentage wof wpersons wwith wthe wgiven wcondition wwill whave wan wabnormal
wresult
C. Low wlikelihood wof wnormal wresult win wpersons wwithout wa wgiven wcondition
D. None wof wthe wabove
8. If wa wdiagnostic wstudywhas whigh wspecificity, wthis windicates wa:
A. Low wpercentage wof whealthywindividuals wwill wshow wa wnormal wresult
B. High wpercentage wof whealthywindividuals wwill wshow wa wnormal wresult
C. High wpercentage wof windividuals wwith wa wdisorder wwill wshow wa wnormal wresult
D. Low wpercentage wof windividuals wwith wa wdisorder wwill wshow wan wabnormal
wresult
9. A wlikelihood wratio wabove w1 windicates wthat wa wdiagnostic wtest wshowing wa:
A. Positive wresult wis wstronglywassociated wwith wthe wdisease
B. Negative wresult wis wstronglywassociated wwith wabsence wof wthe
wdisease
C. Positive wresult wis wweaklywassociated wwith wthe wdisease
D. Negative wresult wis wweaklywassociated wwith wabsence wof wthe
wdisease
10. Which wof wthe wfollowing wclinical wreasoning wtools wis wdefined was wevidence-based wresource wbased won wmathematical
, lOMoARcPSD| 126
w w
w modeling wto wexpress wthe wlikelihood wof wa wcondition win wselect wsituations, wsettings, wand/or wpatients?
, lOMoARcPSD| 126
w w
A. Clinical wpractice wguideline
B. Clinical wdecision wrule
C. Clinical walgorithm
Chapter 1: Clinical reasoning, differential diagnosis, evidence-based practice, and symptom ana
w w w w w w w w w w
Answer Section
w
MULTIPLE wCHOICE
1. ANS: B
Croskerry w(2009) wdescribes wtwo wmajor wtypes wof wclinical wdiagnostic wdecision-making: wintuitive wand wanalytical. wIntuitive
wdecision- wmaking w(similar wto wAugenblink wdecision-making) wis wbased won wthe wexperience wand wintuition wof wthe wclinician wand wis
wless wreliable wand wpaired wwith wfairly wcommon werrors. wIn wcontrast, wanalytical wdecision-making wis wbased won wcareful
wconsideration wand whas wgreater wreliability wwith wrare werrors.
PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
To wobtain wadequate whistory, wproviders wmust wbe wwell worganized, wattentive wto wthe wpatient‘s wverbal wand wnonverbal wlanguage,
wand wable wto waccurately winterpret wthe wpatient‘s wresponses wto wquestions. wRather wthan wreading winto wthe wpatient‘s wstatements,
wthey wclarify wany wareas wof wuncertainty.
PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
Vital wsigns ware wpart wof wthe wphysical wexamination wportion wof wpatient wassessment, wnot wpart wof wthe whealth whistory.
PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
While wperforming wthe wphysical wexamination, wthe wexaminer wmust wbe wable wto wdifferentiate wbetween wnormal wand wabnormal
wfindings, wrecall wknowledge wof wa wrange wof wconditions, wincluding wtheir wassociated wsigns wand wsymptoms, wrecognize whow wcertain
wconditions waffect wthe wresponse wto wother wconditions, wand wdistinguish wthe wrelevance wof wvaried wabnormal wfindings.
PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sources wfor wdiagnostic wstatistics winclude wtextbooks, wprimary wreports wof wresearch, wand wpublished wmeta-analyses. wAnother
wsource wof wstatistics, wthe wone wthat whas wbeen wmost wwidely wused wand wavailable wfor wapplication wto wthe wreasoning wprocess, wis wthe
westimation wbased won wa wprovider‘s wexperience, walthough wthese ware wrarely waccurate. wOver wthe wpast wdecade, wthe wavailability wof
wevidence won wwhich wto wbase wclinical wreasoning wis wimproving, w and wthere wis wan wincreasing wexpectation wthat wclinical wreasoning
wbe wbased won wscientific wevidence.
Evidence-based wstatistics ware w also wincreasingly wbeing wused wto wdevelop w resources wto wfacilitate w clinical w decision-making.
PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
To wassist win wclinical wdecision-making, wa wnumber wof wevidence-based wresources whave wbeen wdeveloped wto wassist wthe wclinician.
wResources, wsuch was walgorithms w and wclinical wpractice wguidelines, wassist win wclinical wreasoning wwhen wproperly wapplied.
PTS: 1
7. ANS: A
The wsensitivity wof wa wdiagnostic wstudy wis wthe wpercentage wof windividuals wwith wthe wtarget wcondition wwho wshow wan wabnormal, wor
w positive, wresult. wA whigh wsensitivity windicates wthat wa wgreater wpercentage wof wpersons wwith wthe wgiven wcondition wwill whave wan
wabnormal wresult.
PTS: 1
8. ANS: B
The wspecificity wof wa wdiagnostic wstudy wis wthe wpercentage wof wnormal, whealthy windividuals wwho whave wa wnormal wresult. wThe
wgreater wthe wspecificity, wthe wgreater wthe wpercentage wof windividuals wwho wwill whave wnegative, wor wnormal, wresults wif wthey wdo
wnot whave wthe wtarget wcondition.
PTS: 1
9. ANS: A
The wlikelihood wratio wis wthe wprobability wthat wa wpositive wtest wresult wwill wbe wassociated wwith wa wperson wwho whas wthe wtarget
wcondition wand wa wnegative wresult wwill wbe wassociated wwith wa whealthy wperson. wA wlikelihood wratio wabove w1 windicates wthat wa
wpositive wresult wis wassociated wwith wthe wdisease; wa wlikelihood wratio wless wthan w1 windicates wthat wa wnegative wresult wis wassociated
wwith wan wabsence wof wthe wdisease.
w w
, lOMoARcPSD| 126
w w
Test Bank for Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care
w w w w w w w w w w w
7th Edition Dains w w w
Chapter 1: Clinical Reasoning, Differential Diagnosis, Evidence-Based Practice, and Symptom Analysis
w w w w w w w w w w
Multiple Choice
w
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
w w w w w w w w w w w
1. Which wtype wof wclinical wdecision-making wis wmost wreliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
2. Which wof wthe wfollowing wis wfalse? wTo wobtain wadequate whistory, whealth-care wproviders wmust wbe:
A. Methodical wand wsystematic
B. Attentive wto wthe wpatient‘s wverbal wand wnonverbal
wlanguage
C. Able wto waccuratelywinterpret wthe wpatient‘s wresponses
D. Adept wat wreading wintowthe wpatient‘s wstatements
3. Essential wparts wof wa whealth whistorywinclude wall wof wthe wfollowing wexcept:
A. Chief wcomplaint
B. Historywof wthe wpresent willness
C. Current wvital wsigns
D. All wof wthe wabove ware wessential whistory
wcomponents
4. Which wof wthe wfollowing wis wfalse? wWhile wperforming wthe wphysical wexamination, wthe wexaminer wmust wbe wable wto:
A. Differentiate wbetween wnormal wand wabnormal wfindings
B. Recall wknowledge wof wa wrange wof wconditions wand wtheir wassociated wsigns wand
wsymptoms
C. Recognize whow wcertain wconditions waffect wthe wresponse wto wother wconditions
D. Foresee wunpredictable w findings
5. The wfollowing wis wthe wleast wreliable wsource wof winformation wfor wdiagnostic wstatistics:
A. Evidence-based w investigations
B. Primarywreports wof wresearch
C. Estimation wbased won wa wprovider‘s
wexperience
D. Published w meta-analyses
6. The wfollowing wcan wbe wused wto wassist win wsound wclinical wdecision-making:
A. Algorithmwpublished win wa wpeer-reviewed wjournal
warticle
B. Clinical wpractice wguidelines
C. Evidence-based w research
D. All wof wthe wabove
7. If wa wdiagnostic wstudywhas whigh wsensitivity, wthis windicates wa:
A. High wpercentage wof wpersons wwith wthe wgiven wcondition wwill whave wan wabnormal
wresult
B. Low wpercentage wof wpersons wwith wthe wgiven wcondition wwill whave wan wabnormal
wresult
C. Low wlikelihood wof wnormal wresult win wpersons wwithout wa wgiven wcondition
D. None wof wthe wabove
8. If wa wdiagnostic wstudywhas whigh wspecificity, wthis windicates wa:
A. Low wpercentage wof whealthywindividuals wwill wshow wa wnormal wresult
B. High wpercentage wof whealthywindividuals wwill wshow wa wnormal wresult
C. High wpercentage wof windividuals wwith wa wdisorder wwill wshow wa wnormal wresult
D. Low wpercentage wof windividuals wwith wa wdisorder wwill wshow wan wabnormal
wresult
9. A wlikelihood wratio wabove w1 windicates wthat wa wdiagnostic wtest wshowing wa:
A. Positive wresult wis wstronglywassociated wwith wthe wdisease
B. Negative wresult wis wstronglywassociated wwith wabsence wof wthe
wdisease
C. Positive wresult wis wweaklywassociated wwith wthe wdisease
D. Negative wresult wis wweaklywassociated wwith wabsence wof wthe
wdisease
10. Which wof wthe wfollowing wclinical wreasoning wtools wis wdefined was wevidence-based wresource wbased won wmathematical
, lOMoARcPSD| 126
w w
w modeling wto wexpress wthe wlikelihood wof wa wcondition win wselect wsituations, wsettings, wand/or wpatients?
, lOMoARcPSD| 126
w w
A. Clinical wpractice wguideline
B. Clinical wdecision wrule
C. Clinical walgorithm
Chapter 1: Clinical reasoning, differential diagnosis, evidence-based practice, and symptom ana
w w w w w w w w w w
Answer Section
w
MULTIPLE wCHOICE
1. ANS: B
Croskerry w(2009) wdescribes wtwo wmajor wtypes wof wclinical wdiagnostic wdecision-making: wintuitive wand wanalytical. wIntuitive
wdecision- wmaking w(similar wto wAugenblink wdecision-making) wis wbased won wthe wexperience wand wintuition wof wthe wclinician wand wis
wless wreliable wand wpaired wwith wfairly wcommon werrors. wIn wcontrast, wanalytical wdecision-making wis wbased won wcareful
wconsideration wand whas wgreater wreliability wwith wrare werrors.
PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
To wobtain wadequate whistory, wproviders wmust wbe wwell worganized, wattentive wto wthe wpatient‘s wverbal wand wnonverbal wlanguage,
wand wable wto waccurately winterpret wthe wpatient‘s wresponses wto wquestions. wRather wthan wreading winto wthe wpatient‘s wstatements,
wthey wclarify wany wareas wof wuncertainty.
PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
Vital wsigns ware wpart wof wthe wphysical wexamination wportion wof wpatient wassessment, wnot wpart wof wthe whealth whistory.
PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
While wperforming wthe wphysical wexamination, wthe wexaminer wmust wbe wable wto wdifferentiate wbetween wnormal wand wabnormal
wfindings, wrecall wknowledge wof wa wrange wof wconditions, wincluding wtheir wassociated wsigns wand wsymptoms, wrecognize whow wcertain
wconditions waffect wthe wresponse wto wother wconditions, wand wdistinguish wthe wrelevance wof wvaried wabnormal wfindings.
PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sources wfor wdiagnostic wstatistics winclude wtextbooks, wprimary wreports wof wresearch, wand wpublished wmeta-analyses. wAnother
wsource wof wstatistics, wthe wone wthat whas wbeen wmost wwidely wused wand wavailable wfor wapplication wto wthe wreasoning wprocess, wis wthe
westimation wbased won wa wprovider‘s wexperience, walthough wthese ware wrarely waccurate. wOver wthe wpast wdecade, wthe wavailability wof
wevidence won wwhich wto wbase wclinical wreasoning wis wimproving, w and wthere wis wan wincreasing wexpectation wthat wclinical wreasoning
wbe wbased won wscientific wevidence.
Evidence-based wstatistics ware w also wincreasingly wbeing wused wto wdevelop w resources wto wfacilitate w clinical w decision-making.
PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
To wassist win wclinical wdecision-making, wa wnumber wof wevidence-based wresources whave wbeen wdeveloped wto wassist wthe wclinician.
wResources, wsuch was walgorithms w and wclinical wpractice wguidelines, wassist win wclinical wreasoning wwhen wproperly wapplied.
PTS: 1
7. ANS: A
The wsensitivity wof wa wdiagnostic wstudy wis wthe wpercentage wof windividuals wwith wthe wtarget wcondition wwho wshow wan wabnormal, wor
w positive, wresult. wA whigh wsensitivity windicates wthat wa wgreater wpercentage wof wpersons wwith wthe wgiven wcondition wwill whave wan
wabnormal wresult.
PTS: 1
8. ANS: B
The wspecificity wof wa wdiagnostic wstudy wis wthe wpercentage wof wnormal, whealthy windividuals wwho whave wa wnormal wresult. wThe
wgreater wthe wspecificity, wthe wgreater wthe wpercentage wof windividuals wwho wwill whave wnegative, wor wnormal, wresults wif wthey wdo
wnot whave wthe wtarget wcondition.
PTS: 1
9. ANS: A
The wlikelihood wratio wis wthe wprobability wthat wa wpositive wtest wresult wwill wbe wassociated wwith wa wperson wwho whas wthe wtarget
wcondition wand wa wnegative wresult wwill wbe wassociated wwith wa whealthy wperson. wA wlikelihood wratio wabove w1 windicates wthat wa
wpositive wresult wis wassociated wwith wthe wdisease; wa wlikelihood wratio wless wthan w1 windicates wthat wa wnegative wresult wis wassociated
wwith wan wabsence wof wthe wdisease.
