1. In which condition would you expect to find a low white blood
cell (WBC) count?
A. Viral infection
B. Leukemia
C. Bacterial infection
D. Bone marrow suppression
Answer: D) Bone marrow suppression
Rationale: Bone marrow suppression, often caused by
chemotherapy or certain diseases, can result in low WBC counts
(leukopenia).
2. A patient with COPD has developed a barrel chest. What does
this physical finding indicate?
A. Emphysema
B. Pneumonia
C. Asthma
D. Acute bronchitis
Answer: A) Emphysema
Rationale: A barrel chest is a physical characteristic seen in
emphysema, a type of COPD. It occurs due to the hyperinflation
of the lungs, which causes the chest to assume a rounded,
expanded shape.
3. Which of the following is the most common cause of stroke?
A. Aneurysm rupture
B. Ischemia due to a clot
C. Brain tumor
D. Hypertension
Answer: B) Ischemia due to a clot
Rationale: Ischemic strokes are the most common type of stroke
and occur when a clot blocks blood flow to the brain.
,4. Which of the following is a classic sign of hyperthyroidism?
A. Weight gain
B. Cold intolerance
C. Tachycardia
D. Bradycardia
Answer: C) Tachycardia
Rationale: Hyperthyroidism is characterized by an overproduction
of thyroid hormones, leading to symptoms like tachycardia, heat
intolerance, and weight loss.
5. A patient presents with a chronic cough, wheezing, and
shortness of breath. Which condition should the nurse suspect?
A. Bronchitis
B. Emphysema
C. Asthma
D. Pulmonary embolism
Answer: C) Asthma
Rationale: Asthma is characterized by inflammation and
constriction of the airways, leading to symptoms like chronic
cough, wheezing, and difficulty breathing.
6. A patient with hypothyroidism is most likely to have which of
the following symptoms?
A. Weight loss
B. Increased heart rate
C. Cold intolerance
D. Heat intolerance
Answer: C) Cold intolerance
Rationale: Hypothyroidism leads to reduced metabolism, causing
symptoms such as cold intolerance, weight gain, and fatigue.
7. A patient diagnosed with a brain tumor presents with sudden
, weakness on one side of the body. What could this symptom
indicate?
A. Stroke
B. Seizure
C. Hemiparesis
D. Epilepsy
Answer: C) Hemiparesis
Rationale: Hemiparesis refers to weakness or partial paralysis on
one side of the body, which can occur with a brain tumor that
affects the motor areas of the brain.
8. A nurse is caring for a patient with hyperkalemia. What is the
most concerning sign of this condition?
A. Muscle weakness
B. Shortness of breath
C. Diarrhea
D. Nausea
Answer: A) Muscle weakness
Rationale: Hyperkalemia can cause muscle weakness and
potentially life-threatening arrhythmias due to its effect on the
electrical conductivity of the heart.
9. A patient with acute bacterial meningitis is likely to experience
which of the following?
A. Increased thirst and urination
B. Severe headache and neck stiffness
C. Joint pain and swelling
D. Abdominal pain and bloating
Answer: B) Severe headache and neck stiffness
Rationale: Acute bacterial meningitis causes inflammation of the
meninges, leading to symptoms like severe headache, neck
stiffness, photophobia, and fever.
cell (WBC) count?
A. Viral infection
B. Leukemia
C. Bacterial infection
D. Bone marrow suppression
Answer: D) Bone marrow suppression
Rationale: Bone marrow suppression, often caused by
chemotherapy or certain diseases, can result in low WBC counts
(leukopenia).
2. A patient with COPD has developed a barrel chest. What does
this physical finding indicate?
A. Emphysema
B. Pneumonia
C. Asthma
D. Acute bronchitis
Answer: A) Emphysema
Rationale: A barrel chest is a physical characteristic seen in
emphysema, a type of COPD. It occurs due to the hyperinflation
of the lungs, which causes the chest to assume a rounded,
expanded shape.
3. Which of the following is the most common cause of stroke?
A. Aneurysm rupture
B. Ischemia due to a clot
C. Brain tumor
D. Hypertension
Answer: B) Ischemia due to a clot
Rationale: Ischemic strokes are the most common type of stroke
and occur when a clot blocks blood flow to the brain.
,4. Which of the following is a classic sign of hyperthyroidism?
A. Weight gain
B. Cold intolerance
C. Tachycardia
D. Bradycardia
Answer: C) Tachycardia
Rationale: Hyperthyroidism is characterized by an overproduction
of thyroid hormones, leading to symptoms like tachycardia, heat
intolerance, and weight loss.
5. A patient presents with a chronic cough, wheezing, and
shortness of breath. Which condition should the nurse suspect?
A. Bronchitis
B. Emphysema
C. Asthma
D. Pulmonary embolism
Answer: C) Asthma
Rationale: Asthma is characterized by inflammation and
constriction of the airways, leading to symptoms like chronic
cough, wheezing, and difficulty breathing.
6. A patient with hypothyroidism is most likely to have which of
the following symptoms?
A. Weight loss
B. Increased heart rate
C. Cold intolerance
D. Heat intolerance
Answer: C) Cold intolerance
Rationale: Hypothyroidism leads to reduced metabolism, causing
symptoms such as cold intolerance, weight gain, and fatigue.
7. A patient diagnosed with a brain tumor presents with sudden
, weakness on one side of the body. What could this symptom
indicate?
A. Stroke
B. Seizure
C. Hemiparesis
D. Epilepsy
Answer: C) Hemiparesis
Rationale: Hemiparesis refers to weakness or partial paralysis on
one side of the body, which can occur with a brain tumor that
affects the motor areas of the brain.
8. A nurse is caring for a patient with hyperkalemia. What is the
most concerning sign of this condition?
A. Muscle weakness
B. Shortness of breath
C. Diarrhea
D. Nausea
Answer: A) Muscle weakness
Rationale: Hyperkalemia can cause muscle weakness and
potentially life-threatening arrhythmias due to its effect on the
electrical conductivity of the heart.
9. A patient with acute bacterial meningitis is likely to experience
which of the following?
A. Increased thirst and urination
B. Severe headache and neck stiffness
C. Joint pain and swelling
D. Abdominal pain and bloating
Answer: B) Severe headache and neck stiffness
Rationale: Acute bacterial meningitis causes inflammation of the
meninges, leading to symptoms like severe headache, neck
stiffness, photophobia, and fever.
