PSYC 3230 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
disorder - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅patterns that interfere with functional success
how disorders affect the way we interpret behavior - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅insurance, legal
responsibility
drapetomania - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅propensity of slaves to run away
myths associated with mental illness - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-lazy, crazy, dumb
-weak in character
-dangerous to self or others
-mental illness is a hopeless situation
Wakefield's approach to defining abnormal behavior - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- disorder as a pure
value concept
- disorder as whatever professionals treat
- disorder as statistical deviance
- disorder as biological disadvantage
- disorder as distress or suffering
Wakefield's argument for disorder - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅harmful dysfunction
harmful dysfunction - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅hybrid of "value judgement" (harmful) and "biological
disadvantage" (failure to perform natural function)
defining abnormal behavior - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- psychological dysfunction
- personal distress or disability (functional impairment)
- atypical or unexpected cultural response
,psychological dysfunction - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or
behavioral functioning within the individual
Widiger - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅argues that two constructs are fundamental to definition of a
mental disorder (dyscontrol and maladaptivity)
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅produced by American
Psychiatric Association, used to diagnose mental illness based on prototypes
prototype - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅typical or standard example of a disorder (at least half of the
characteristic symptoms)
clinical description - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅aims to distinguish clinically significant dysfunction
from common human experience (describes demographics, relevant symptoms, age of onset)
prevalence - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅number of people in the population with the disorder
incidence - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅number of new cases during a given time
course of disorders - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅episodic, time-limited, chronic
onset of disorders - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅acute (sudden) or insidious (slow)
etiology - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅study of the cause of disease, Diathesis-stress model (attempts to
explain a disorder based on risk factors)
treatment development - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅how can we help alleviate psychological
suffering?
(includes pharmacological, psychosocial, and/or combined treatments)
,treatment outcome research - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅how do we know that we have helped?
(limited in specifying actual causes of disorders)
major psychological disorders have existed... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅in all cultures and across all
time periods
causes and treatments of abnormal behavior differed... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅across cultures
and time periods, depends on prevailing paradigms or world views
three dominant traditions - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- supernatural tradition
- biological tradition
- psychological tradition
supernatural tradition - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅deviant behavior as a battle of good vs evil
biological tradition - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅explanation of psychological dysfunction that primarily
emphasizes brain disorder or illness as the cause, created by hippocrates
Hippocrates - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅father of modern medicine, believed that psychological
disorders could be treated like any other disease
Galen - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅extended Hippocrates' work, humoral theory of mental illness
humoral theory of mental illness - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅four major bodily fluids/"humors", ideas
that disease resulted from having too much or too little of a certain humor
Galen-Hippocratic tradition - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅linked abnormality with brain chemical
imbalances, foreshadowed modern views
syphilis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅sexually transmitted disease caused by bacterial infection,
advanced stage can result in delusions and psychotic behaviors
, Pasteur - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅discovered the cause of syphilis as bacteria and penicillin as a
successful treatment - bolstered the view that mental illness = psychological illness
consequences of biological tradition - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅mental illness = physical illness
biological treatments for mental illness - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1930s - biological treatments were
standard practice (insulin shock therapy, ECT, brain surgery)
1950s - medications (neuroleptics/antipsychotics)
1970s - benzodiazepines introduced (valium)
psychological tradition - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Plato and Aristotle thought that environment and
early learning experiences impacted psychopathology, rise of moral therapy
moral therapy - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅normalizing treatment of mentally ill - reinforce and model
appropriate behaviors
reasons for falling out of moral therapy - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- worked best with smaller patient
population
- Dorothea Dix (mental hygiene movement)
- moved from moral therapy to "custodial care" and institutionalization
- rise of biological tradition and idea that mental illness was due to brain pathology
psychological tradition reemerges in 1900s in three different forms - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅psychoanalysis, humanism, behaviorism
Breuer - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅used hypnosis to facilitate catharsis
two important discoveries of Breuer - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- unconscious mind
- catharsis
disorder - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅patterns that interfere with functional success
how disorders affect the way we interpret behavior - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅insurance, legal
responsibility
drapetomania - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅propensity of slaves to run away
myths associated with mental illness - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-lazy, crazy, dumb
-weak in character
-dangerous to self or others
-mental illness is a hopeless situation
Wakefield's approach to defining abnormal behavior - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- disorder as a pure
value concept
- disorder as whatever professionals treat
- disorder as statistical deviance
- disorder as biological disadvantage
- disorder as distress or suffering
Wakefield's argument for disorder - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅harmful dysfunction
harmful dysfunction - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅hybrid of "value judgement" (harmful) and "biological
disadvantage" (failure to perform natural function)
defining abnormal behavior - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- psychological dysfunction
- personal distress or disability (functional impairment)
- atypical or unexpected cultural response
,psychological dysfunction - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or
behavioral functioning within the individual
Widiger - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅argues that two constructs are fundamental to definition of a
mental disorder (dyscontrol and maladaptivity)
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅produced by American
Psychiatric Association, used to diagnose mental illness based on prototypes
prototype - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅typical or standard example of a disorder (at least half of the
characteristic symptoms)
clinical description - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅aims to distinguish clinically significant dysfunction
from common human experience (describes demographics, relevant symptoms, age of onset)
prevalence - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅number of people in the population with the disorder
incidence - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅number of new cases during a given time
course of disorders - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅episodic, time-limited, chronic
onset of disorders - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅acute (sudden) or insidious (slow)
etiology - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅study of the cause of disease, Diathesis-stress model (attempts to
explain a disorder based on risk factors)
treatment development - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅how can we help alleviate psychological
suffering?
(includes pharmacological, psychosocial, and/or combined treatments)
,treatment outcome research - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅how do we know that we have helped?
(limited in specifying actual causes of disorders)
major psychological disorders have existed... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅in all cultures and across all
time periods
causes and treatments of abnormal behavior differed... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅across cultures
and time periods, depends on prevailing paradigms or world views
three dominant traditions - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- supernatural tradition
- biological tradition
- psychological tradition
supernatural tradition - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅deviant behavior as a battle of good vs evil
biological tradition - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅explanation of psychological dysfunction that primarily
emphasizes brain disorder or illness as the cause, created by hippocrates
Hippocrates - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅father of modern medicine, believed that psychological
disorders could be treated like any other disease
Galen - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅extended Hippocrates' work, humoral theory of mental illness
humoral theory of mental illness - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅four major bodily fluids/"humors", ideas
that disease resulted from having too much or too little of a certain humor
Galen-Hippocratic tradition - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅linked abnormality with brain chemical
imbalances, foreshadowed modern views
syphilis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅sexually transmitted disease caused by bacterial infection,
advanced stage can result in delusions and psychotic behaviors
, Pasteur - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅discovered the cause of syphilis as bacteria and penicillin as a
successful treatment - bolstered the view that mental illness = psychological illness
consequences of biological tradition - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅mental illness = physical illness
biological treatments for mental illness - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1930s - biological treatments were
standard practice (insulin shock therapy, ECT, brain surgery)
1950s - medications (neuroleptics/antipsychotics)
1970s - benzodiazepines introduced (valium)
psychological tradition - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Plato and Aristotle thought that environment and
early learning experiences impacted psychopathology, rise of moral therapy
moral therapy - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅normalizing treatment of mentally ill - reinforce and model
appropriate behaviors
reasons for falling out of moral therapy - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- worked best with smaller patient
population
- Dorothea Dix (mental hygiene movement)
- moved from moral therapy to "custodial care" and institutionalization
- rise of biological tradition and idea that mental illness was due to brain pathology
psychological tradition reemerges in 1900s in three different forms - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅psychoanalysis, humanism, behaviorism
Breuer - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅used hypnosis to facilitate catharsis
two important discoveries of Breuer - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- unconscious mind
- catharsis
