MBI 361 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
According to the "Shorter Lives" report, "the important point about the U.S. health
disadvantage is not that the United States is losing a competition with other countries,
but that Americans are dying and suffering at rates that are demonstrably unnecessary."
- Answers :true
Each of the following associations is correct EXCEPT:
a) Cryptosporidium: is acquired by ingestion of water and/or food contaminated with
trophozoites.
b)shigellosis: is a diarrheal disease caused by the bacterium Shigella.
c)cryptosporidiosis: is a diarrheal disease caused by the protozoan Cryptosporidium. -
Answers :a) Cryptosporidium: is acquired by ingestion of water and/or food
contaminated with trophozoites.
American children are less likely to live to age 5 than children in other high-income
countries. - Answers :true
Regarding hosts of West Nile virus (WNV), each of the following associations is correct
EXCEPT:
a)horses: incidental infection with WNV
b)humans: incidental infection with WNV
c)birds: WNV reservoir
d)humans: WNV reservoir - Answers :d)humans: WNV reservoir
Regarding mortality and/or life expectancy in the United States, each of the following is
correct EXCEPT:
a)Life expectancy in America is now at its lowest in nearly two decades.
b)Across the lifespan, and across every demographic group, Americans die at younger
ages than their counterparts in other wealthy nations.
c)Maternal mortality (deaths that take place during pregnancy or within 42 days
following delivery) has declined in the past 10 years in America. - Answers :c)Maternal
mortality (deaths that take place during pregnancy or within 42 days following delivery)
has declined in the past 10 years in America.
Monitoring disease rates by demographics may help show if barriers to vaccination are
related to culture, language, access to care, or other shared characteristics of a sub-
population. - Answers :true
what are secular trends? - Answers :trends that represent long term changes in health
related events
The following 'effect' occurred when, in Australia "approximately 29% of the workforce
was unemployed in 1932, and suicide rates among males rose to unprecedented levels
across age groups." - Answers :period effect
, The dependency ratio represents the number of working people for every 100
dependents (defined as those under age 15 plus those over age 64 years old) in a
population. - Answers :false
what are short term trends? - Answers :brief, unexpected increases in health related
events
what are cyclic trends? - Answers :represents periodic increases and decreases in
health related events
What type of surveillance is described as: the systematic ongoing collection, analysis,
interpretation, and dissemination of health data," providing a means for identifying
outbreaks of health-related states or events and yielding "a basis for implementing
control measures." - Answers :public health surveillance
_______is the probability that a case will survive to time (t), ________ serves to identify
the effects of patient care, treatments, prognostic factors, exposures or other covariates
on survival over time. (one word twice) - Answers :Survival analysis
HIV is a lentivirus (a member of the ___________ family) that can lead to AIDS. AIDS is
a diagnosis that depends on a specific set of opportunistic infections or CD4+ dropping
below 200 - Answers :retrovirus
___________describes the observation that employed populations tend to have a lower
mortality rate than overall general populations. - Answers :healthy worker effect
_________do not individually capture all dimensions of health, but, instead, "should be
complementary, and, in combination, reflect the broad scope of health." - Answers
:health indicators
regarding age, what term is more relevant to someone who has already lived to a
certain age. - Answers :age-conditional life expectancy
what is the term for death in vital statistics and epidemiology - Answers :mortality
what measure the relative impact of disease or events on an overall population? -
Answers :years of potential life lost(YPLL)
is the maternal mortality ratio greater in developing regions or developed regions? -
Answers :much greater in developing regions
Consider the estimated statistics below for the United States and India in 2016. The
lower crude mortality rate in India - Answers :cannot be explained by the fact that the
United States has a larger population, because the crude mortality rate considers the #
of deaths relative to the population and expresses this rate per 100,000.
According to the "Shorter Lives" report, "the important point about the U.S. health
disadvantage is not that the United States is losing a competition with other countries,
but that Americans are dying and suffering at rates that are demonstrably unnecessary."
- Answers :true
Each of the following associations is correct EXCEPT:
a) Cryptosporidium: is acquired by ingestion of water and/or food contaminated with
trophozoites.
b)shigellosis: is a diarrheal disease caused by the bacterium Shigella.
c)cryptosporidiosis: is a diarrheal disease caused by the protozoan Cryptosporidium. -
Answers :a) Cryptosporidium: is acquired by ingestion of water and/or food
contaminated with trophozoites.
American children are less likely to live to age 5 than children in other high-income
countries. - Answers :true
Regarding hosts of West Nile virus (WNV), each of the following associations is correct
EXCEPT:
a)horses: incidental infection with WNV
b)humans: incidental infection with WNV
c)birds: WNV reservoir
d)humans: WNV reservoir - Answers :d)humans: WNV reservoir
Regarding mortality and/or life expectancy in the United States, each of the following is
correct EXCEPT:
a)Life expectancy in America is now at its lowest in nearly two decades.
b)Across the lifespan, and across every demographic group, Americans die at younger
ages than their counterparts in other wealthy nations.
c)Maternal mortality (deaths that take place during pregnancy or within 42 days
following delivery) has declined in the past 10 years in America. - Answers :c)Maternal
mortality (deaths that take place during pregnancy or within 42 days following delivery)
has declined in the past 10 years in America.
Monitoring disease rates by demographics may help show if barriers to vaccination are
related to culture, language, access to care, or other shared characteristics of a sub-
population. - Answers :true
what are secular trends? - Answers :trends that represent long term changes in health
related events
The following 'effect' occurred when, in Australia "approximately 29% of the workforce
was unemployed in 1932, and suicide rates among males rose to unprecedented levels
across age groups." - Answers :period effect
, The dependency ratio represents the number of working people for every 100
dependents (defined as those under age 15 plus those over age 64 years old) in a
population. - Answers :false
what are short term trends? - Answers :brief, unexpected increases in health related
events
what are cyclic trends? - Answers :represents periodic increases and decreases in
health related events
What type of surveillance is described as: the systematic ongoing collection, analysis,
interpretation, and dissemination of health data," providing a means for identifying
outbreaks of health-related states or events and yielding "a basis for implementing
control measures." - Answers :public health surveillance
_______is the probability that a case will survive to time (t), ________ serves to identify
the effects of patient care, treatments, prognostic factors, exposures or other covariates
on survival over time. (one word twice) - Answers :Survival analysis
HIV is a lentivirus (a member of the ___________ family) that can lead to AIDS. AIDS is
a diagnosis that depends on a specific set of opportunistic infections or CD4+ dropping
below 200 - Answers :retrovirus
___________describes the observation that employed populations tend to have a lower
mortality rate than overall general populations. - Answers :healthy worker effect
_________do not individually capture all dimensions of health, but, instead, "should be
complementary, and, in combination, reflect the broad scope of health." - Answers
:health indicators
regarding age, what term is more relevant to someone who has already lived to a
certain age. - Answers :age-conditional life expectancy
what is the term for death in vital statistics and epidemiology - Answers :mortality
what measure the relative impact of disease or events on an overall population? -
Answers :years of potential life lost(YPLL)
is the maternal mortality ratio greater in developing regions or developed regions? -
Answers :much greater in developing regions
Consider the estimated statistics below for the United States and India in 2016. The
lower crude mortality rate in India - Answers :cannot be explained by the fact that the
United States has a larger population, because the crude mortality rate considers the #
of deaths relative to the population and expresses this rate per 100,000.
