BIOD 101 MODULE 1|QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS| FREQUENTLY TESTED AND
RATED 100% BY EXPERT 2025.
What is matter, and what states can it exist in? - ANSWER ✔✔ Matter is anything that takes up
space by having volume and mass. It can exist in solid, liquid, or gaseous states.
Explain the difference between essential and trace elements. - ANSWER ✔✔ Essential elements
are required for human life. Trace elements are required only in small quantities.
Ionic bond - ANSWER ✔✔ Generated based on the attraction between two oppositely charged
particles
Covalent bond - ANSWER ✔✔ Occurs when electrons are shared by two atoms to create the
valence shells of both
Hydrogen bond - ANSWER ✔✔ Forms a relatively weak bond that is easily broken
Anions - ANSWER ✔✔ Negatively charged ions
Cations - ANSWER ✔✔ Positively charged ions
What organic compounds make up biomacromolecules - ANSWER ✔✔ Carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins, nucleic acids
What are carbohydrates - ANSWER ✔✔ commonly referred to as sugars; primary source of fuel
for organisms and have the same three elements in their main structure (C, H, O)
Why are lipids unique among biomacromolecules - ANSWER ✔✔ Most are insoluble in water.
They are not monomers, but are assembled from smaller molecules that are chemically linked
together.
Why are lipids insoluble in water - ANSWER ✔✔ They are made of mostly non-polar
hydrocarbon chains. Water can only dissolve other polar or ionically bonded substances.
Describe the structure of a phospholipid - ANSWER ✔✔ They contain two main components: a
polar head joined to a non-polar tail. The head group is attracted to polar substances and is
hydrophilic. The tail group repels water and is hydrophobic.
7 functions of proteins - ANSWER ✔✔ act as enzymes and regulate metabolic functions, store
amino acids, act as hormones, form antibodies for immunological defense, act as carriers for
ANSWERS| FREQUENTLY TESTED AND
RATED 100% BY EXPERT 2025.
What is matter, and what states can it exist in? - ANSWER ✔✔ Matter is anything that takes up
space by having volume and mass. It can exist in solid, liquid, or gaseous states.
Explain the difference between essential and trace elements. - ANSWER ✔✔ Essential elements
are required for human life. Trace elements are required only in small quantities.
Ionic bond - ANSWER ✔✔ Generated based on the attraction between two oppositely charged
particles
Covalent bond - ANSWER ✔✔ Occurs when electrons are shared by two atoms to create the
valence shells of both
Hydrogen bond - ANSWER ✔✔ Forms a relatively weak bond that is easily broken
Anions - ANSWER ✔✔ Negatively charged ions
Cations - ANSWER ✔✔ Positively charged ions
What organic compounds make up biomacromolecules - ANSWER ✔✔ Carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins, nucleic acids
What are carbohydrates - ANSWER ✔✔ commonly referred to as sugars; primary source of fuel
for organisms and have the same three elements in their main structure (C, H, O)
Why are lipids unique among biomacromolecules - ANSWER ✔✔ Most are insoluble in water.
They are not monomers, but are assembled from smaller molecules that are chemically linked
together.
Why are lipids insoluble in water - ANSWER ✔✔ They are made of mostly non-polar
hydrocarbon chains. Water can only dissolve other polar or ionically bonded substances.
Describe the structure of a phospholipid - ANSWER ✔✔ They contain two main components: a
polar head joined to a non-polar tail. The head group is attracted to polar substances and is
hydrophilic. The tail group repels water and is hydrophobic.
7 functions of proteins - ANSWER ✔✔ act as enzymes and regulate metabolic functions, store
amino acids, act as hormones, form antibodies for immunological defense, act as carriers for
