EXAM 1 HUMAN ANATOMY 2025 UPDATED
Anatomical position - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>upright, arms at side, palms facing
forward, feet flat on floor, face straight ahead
Superior and inferior - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>above/below
Cranial and caudal - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>head to tail
Lateral and medial - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>away from midline/towards midline
Proximal and distal - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>closer to trunk/further from trunk (only
used for limbs)
Superficial and deep - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>toward or at the body surface/away
from the body surface
Transverse - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Separates body horizontally
Sagittal - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Separates body left and right
Coronal - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Separates body front and back
Cranial cavity - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>brain
Vertebral cavity - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>spinal cord
Thoracic cavity - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>heart, lungs, blood vessels, and esophagus
Abdominal cavity - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>kidneys, liver, gallbladder, stomach,
pancreas, spleen, small intestine, and large intestine
Pelvic cavity - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>bladder, rectum, reproductive organs
Diaphragm - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>between thoracic and abdominal cavity for
breathing
light microscopy (LM) - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>visible light goes through cell
transmission electron microscopy (TEM) - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>beam of electrons
goes through thin slice of specimen (2D)
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>beam of electrons
bounces off cell for 3D image
, Cellular functions - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>covering, lining, storage, movement,
connection, defense, communication, and reproduction
Plasma/cell membrane - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Thin border on cell to regulate
passage of gases, nutrients, and waste. Composed of lipids and proteins.
Cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Includes cytosol, inclusion, and organelles.
Cytosol- ions, nutrients, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Inclusions- melanin and
glycogen. Organelles- membrane and non-membrane bound.
Functions of organelles - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>synthesis, transport, storage of
lipids, metabolism, and detox
Nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>nuclear envelope, nucleoli, DNA, chromatin, and
chromosomes (control center for cellular activity)
Necrosis - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>damage from harmful agent, irreversible causing
death of cell
apoptosis - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>programmed cell death
Epithelial - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>provides physical protection, control permeability,
provide sensation, and secretion
Simple squamos - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>kidney, air sacs of lungs, lining of heart,
blood and lymphatic vessels, and lining of serosae
Simple cubidol - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>kidney tubes, ovary surface, and ducts of
small glands
Simple columnar - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>digestive tract, gallbladder, ducts of some
glands, small bronchi, uterine tubes, and uterus
Stratified squamos - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>lining of esophagus, mouth, vagina, and
keratinized epidermis
Stratified cuboidal - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>large ducts of sweat glands, mammary
glands, and salivary glands
Stratified columar - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>large ducts of some glands and small
amount in male urethra
Transitional - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>found only in bladder
Loose connective tissue - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>areolar tissue, adipose tissue, and
reticular tissue
Anatomical position - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>upright, arms at side, palms facing
forward, feet flat on floor, face straight ahead
Superior and inferior - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>above/below
Cranial and caudal - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>head to tail
Lateral and medial - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>away from midline/towards midline
Proximal and distal - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>closer to trunk/further from trunk (only
used for limbs)
Superficial and deep - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>toward or at the body surface/away
from the body surface
Transverse - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Separates body horizontally
Sagittal - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Separates body left and right
Coronal - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Separates body front and back
Cranial cavity - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>brain
Vertebral cavity - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>spinal cord
Thoracic cavity - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>heart, lungs, blood vessels, and esophagus
Abdominal cavity - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>kidneys, liver, gallbladder, stomach,
pancreas, spleen, small intestine, and large intestine
Pelvic cavity - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>bladder, rectum, reproductive organs
Diaphragm - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>between thoracic and abdominal cavity for
breathing
light microscopy (LM) - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>visible light goes through cell
transmission electron microscopy (TEM) - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>beam of electrons
goes through thin slice of specimen (2D)
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>beam of electrons
bounces off cell for 3D image
, Cellular functions - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>covering, lining, storage, movement,
connection, defense, communication, and reproduction
Plasma/cell membrane - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Thin border on cell to regulate
passage of gases, nutrients, and waste. Composed of lipids and proteins.
Cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Includes cytosol, inclusion, and organelles.
Cytosol- ions, nutrients, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Inclusions- melanin and
glycogen. Organelles- membrane and non-membrane bound.
Functions of organelles - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>synthesis, transport, storage of
lipids, metabolism, and detox
Nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>nuclear envelope, nucleoli, DNA, chromatin, and
chromosomes (control center for cellular activity)
Necrosis - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>damage from harmful agent, irreversible causing
death of cell
apoptosis - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>programmed cell death
Epithelial - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>provides physical protection, control permeability,
provide sensation, and secretion
Simple squamos - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>kidney, air sacs of lungs, lining of heart,
blood and lymphatic vessels, and lining of serosae
Simple cubidol - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>kidney tubes, ovary surface, and ducts of
small glands
Simple columnar - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>digestive tract, gallbladder, ducts of some
glands, small bronchi, uterine tubes, and uterus
Stratified squamos - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>lining of esophagus, mouth, vagina, and
keratinized epidermis
Stratified cuboidal - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>large ducts of sweat glands, mammary
glands, and salivary glands
Stratified columar - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>large ducts of some glands and small
amount in male urethra
Transitional - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>found only in bladder
Loose connective tissue - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>areolar tissue, adipose tissue, and
reticular tissue
