LECTURE EXAM 3 BIO 100
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
VERIFIED 2025
Disease - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>A condition that disrupts normal body function
Chronic disease - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>A long-term condition that progresses
over time (ex. diabetes, heart disease
Infectious disease - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Caused by pathogens that can spread
(ex. tuberculosis, COVID-19)
Autoimmune disease - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>The immune system mistakenly
attacks the body's own cells (ex. rheumatoid arthritis, lupus).
Bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Release toxins or invade tissues
(Tuberculosis).
Viruses - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Infect host cells and hijack their machinery
(HIV/AIDS).
Fungi - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Overgrow and cause tissue damage (Athlete's
foot).
Protozoa - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Live inside host cells and multiply (Malaria).
Pathogen - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>A microorganism that causes disease.
Immune system - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>The body's defense mechanism against
infections.
Blood - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Carries immune cells to infection sites.
Red bone marrow - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Produces immune cells (white blood
cells).
Lymphatic system - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Filters pathogens and produces
lymphocytes (B & T cells).
Physical barriers - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>(skin, mucus, stomach acid).
Innante immune response - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>fast, non-specific, includes
inflammation).
, Adaptive immune response - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>(slower, specific, long-term
immunity).
Skin - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>physical shield
Mucous Membranes - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Trap pathogens in airways.
Stomach Acid - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Kills microbes.
Phagocytes - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Ingest and break down pathogens.
Natural killer cells (NK cells) - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Destroy infected or
cancerous cells.
Basophils - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Release histamine to promote inflammation.
Proteins - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Enhance immune response.
How does fever defend the body? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Increases body
temperature to slow pathogen replication.
Inflammatory Response Steps - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>1. Injury occurs.
2. Histamine is released.
3. Blood vessels dilate (swelling, redness).
4. White blood cells migrate to the area.
5. Pathogens are destroyed.
6. Tissue repair begins.
(Function: Isolates and destroys invaders while initiating healing.)
Adaptive immunity - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Specific immune response with
memory.
Slower but more effective than innate immunity.
Antigen - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>A molecule that triggers an immune response
by lymphocytes.
Adaptive Immunity Response Steps - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Recognition of
pathogen.
Activation of immune cells.
Attack (B cells release antibodies, T cells destroy infected cells).
Memory formation (faster future response).
Lymphocyte Production - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>B cells develop in bone marrow.
T cells mature in the thymus.
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
VERIFIED 2025
Disease - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>A condition that disrupts normal body function
Chronic disease - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>A long-term condition that progresses
over time (ex. diabetes, heart disease
Infectious disease - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Caused by pathogens that can spread
(ex. tuberculosis, COVID-19)
Autoimmune disease - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>The immune system mistakenly
attacks the body's own cells (ex. rheumatoid arthritis, lupus).
Bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Release toxins or invade tissues
(Tuberculosis).
Viruses - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Infect host cells and hijack their machinery
(HIV/AIDS).
Fungi - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Overgrow and cause tissue damage (Athlete's
foot).
Protozoa - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Live inside host cells and multiply (Malaria).
Pathogen - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>A microorganism that causes disease.
Immune system - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>The body's defense mechanism against
infections.
Blood - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Carries immune cells to infection sites.
Red bone marrow - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Produces immune cells (white blood
cells).
Lymphatic system - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Filters pathogens and produces
lymphocytes (B & T cells).
Physical barriers - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>(skin, mucus, stomach acid).
Innante immune response - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>fast, non-specific, includes
inflammation).
, Adaptive immune response - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>(slower, specific, long-term
immunity).
Skin - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>physical shield
Mucous Membranes - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Trap pathogens in airways.
Stomach Acid - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Kills microbes.
Phagocytes - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Ingest and break down pathogens.
Natural killer cells (NK cells) - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Destroy infected or
cancerous cells.
Basophils - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Release histamine to promote inflammation.
Proteins - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Enhance immune response.
How does fever defend the body? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Increases body
temperature to slow pathogen replication.
Inflammatory Response Steps - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>1. Injury occurs.
2. Histamine is released.
3. Blood vessels dilate (swelling, redness).
4. White blood cells migrate to the area.
5. Pathogens are destroyed.
6. Tissue repair begins.
(Function: Isolates and destroys invaders while initiating healing.)
Adaptive immunity - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Specific immune response with
memory.
Slower but more effective than innate immunity.
Antigen - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>A molecule that triggers an immune response
by lymphocytes.
Adaptive Immunity Response Steps - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Recognition of
pathogen.
Activation of immune cells.
Attack (B cells release antibodies, T cells destroy infected cells).
Memory formation (faster future response).
Lymphocyte Production - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>B cells develop in bone marrow.
T cells mature in the thymus.
