lOMoARcPSD| 126
hp
, lOMoARcPSD| 126
hp
Test Bank for Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care
hp hp hp hp hp hp hp hp hp hp hp
7th hp h7
Chapter 1: Clinical Reasoning, Differential Diagnosis, Evidence-Based Practice, and Symptom Analysis
hp hp hp hp hp hp hp hp hp hp
Multiple Choicehp
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
hp hp hp hp hp hp hp hp hp hp hp
1. Which hptype hpof hpclinical hpdecision-making hpis hpmost hpreliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
2. Which hpof hpthe hpfollowing hpis hpfalse? hpTo hpobtain hpadequate hphistory, hphealth-care hpproviders hpmust hpbe:
A. Methodical hpand hpsystematic
B. Attentive hpto hpthe hppatient‘s hpverbal hpand hpnonverbal
hplanguage
C. Able hpto hpaccuratelyhpinterpret hpthe hppatient‘s hpresponses
D. Adept hpat hpreading hpintohpthe hppatient‘s hpstatements
3. Essential hpparts hpof hpa hphealth hphistoryhpinclude hpall hpof hpthe hpfollowing hpexcept:
A. Chief hpcomplaint
B. Historyhpof hpthe hppresent hpillness
C. Current hpvital hpsigns
D. All hpof hpthe hpabove hpare hpessential hphistory
hpcomponents
4. Which hpof hpthe hpfollowing hpis hpfalse? hpWhile hpperforming hpthe hpphysical hpexamination, hpthe hpexaminer hpmust hpbe hpable hpto:
A. Differentiate hpbetween hpnormal hpand hpabnormal hpfindings
B. Recall hpknowledge hpof hpa hprange hpof hpconditions hpand hptheir hpassociated hpsigns hpand
hpsymptoms
C. Recognize hphow hpcertain hpconditions hpaffect hpthe hpresponse hpto hpother hpconditions
D. Foresee hpunpredictable h p findings
5. The hpfollowing hpis hpthe hpleast hpreliable hpsource hpof hpinformation hpfor hpdiagnostic hpstatistics:
A. Evidence-based h p investigations
B. Primaryhpreports hpof hpresearch
C. Estimation hpbased hpon hpa hpprovider‘s
hpexperience
D. Published h p meta-analyses
6. The hpfollowing hpcan hpbe hpused hpto hpassist hpin hpsound hpclinical hpdecision-making:
A. Algorithmhppublished hpin hpa hppeer-reviewed hpjournal
hparticle
B. Clinical hppractice hpguidelines
C. Evidence-based h p research
D. All hpof hpthe hpabove
7. If hpa hpdiagnostic hpstudyhphas hphigh hpsensitivity, hp this hpindicates hpa:
A. High hppercentage hpof hppersons hpwith hpthe hpgiven hpcondition hpwill hphave hpan hpabnormal
hpresult
B. Low hppercentage hpof hppersons hpwith hpthe hpgiven hpcondition hpwill hphave hpan hpabnormal
hpresult
C. Low hplikelihood hpof hpnormal hpresult hpin hppersons hpwithout hpa hpgiven hpcondition
D. None hpof hpthe hpabove
8. If hpa hpdiagnostic hpstudyhphas hphigh hpspecificity, hpthis hpindicates hpa:
A. Low hppercentage hpof hphealthyhpindividuals hpwill hpshow hpa hpnormal hpresult
B. High hppercentage hpof hphealthyhpindividuals hpwill hpshow hpa hpnormal hpresult
C. High hppercentage hpof hpindividuals hpwith hpa hpdisorder hpwill hpshow hpa hpnormal
hpresult
D. Low hppercentage hpof hpindividuals hpwith hpa hpdisorder hpwill hpshow hpan hpabnormal
hpresult
9. A hplikelihood hpratio hpabove hp1 hpindicates hpthat hpa hpdiagnostic hptest hpshowing hpa:
A. Positive hpresult hpis hpstronglyhpassociated hpwith hpthe hpdisease
B. Negative hpresult hpis hpstronglyhpassociated hpwith hpabsence hpof hpthe
hpdisease
C. Positive hpresult hpis hpweaklyhpassociated hpwith hpthe hpdisease
D. Negative hpresult hpis hpweaklyhpassociated hpwith hpabsence hpof hpthe
hpdisease
10. Which hpof hpthe hpfollowing hpclinical hpreasoning hptools hpis hpdefined hpas hpevidence-based hpresource hpbased hpon hpmathematical
, lOMoARcPSD| 126
hp
hp modeling hpto hpexpress hpthe hplikelihood hpof hpa hpcondition hpin hpselect hpsituations, hpsettings, hpand/or hppatients?
, lOMoARcPSD| 126
hp
A. Clinical hppractice
hpguideline
B. Clinical hpdecision hprule
C. Clinical hpalgorithm
Chapter 1: Clinical reasoning, differential diagnosis, evidence-based practice, and symptom ana
hp hp hp hp hp hp hp hp hp hp
Answer Section
hp
MULTIPLE hpCHOICE
1. ANS: B
Croskerry hp(2009) hpdescribes hptwo hpmajor hptypes hpof hpclinical hpdiagnostic hpdecision-making: hpintuitive hpand hpanalytical. hpIntuitive
hpdecision- hpmaking hp(similar hpto hpAugenblink hpdecision-making) hpis hpbased hpon hpthe hpexperience hpand hpintuition hpof hpthe hpclinician
hpand hpis hpless hpreliable hpand hppaired hpwith hpfairly hpcommon hperrors. hpIn hpcontrast, hpanalytical hpdecision-making hpis hpbased hpon
hpcareful hpconsideration hpand hphas hpgreater hpreliability hpwith hprare hperrors.
PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
To hpobtain hpadequate hphistory, hpproviders hpmust hpbe hpwell hporganized, hpattentive hpto hpthe hppatient‘s hpverbal hpand hpnonverbal
hplanguage, hpand hpable hpto hpaccurately hpinterpret hpthe hppatient‘s hpresponses hpto hpquestions. hpRather hpthan hpreading hpinto hpthe hppatient‘s
hpstatements, hpthey hpclarify hpany hpareas hpof hpuncertainty.
PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
Vital hpsigns hpare hppart hpof hpthe hpphysical hpexamination hpportion hpof hppatient hpassessment, hpnot hppart hpof hpthe hphealth hphistory.
PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
While hpperforming hpthe hpphysical hpexamination, hpthe hpexaminer hpmust hpbe hpable hpto hpdifferentiate hpbetween hpnormal hpand hpabnormal
hpfindings, hprecall hpknowledge hpof hpa hprange hpof hpconditions, hpincluding hptheir hpassociated hpsigns hpand hpsymptoms, hprecognize hphow
hpcertain hpconditions hpaffect hpthe hpresponse hpto hpother hpconditions, hpand hpdistinguish hpthe hprelevance hpof hpvaried hpabnormal hpfindings.
PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sources hpfor hpdiagnostic hpstatistics hpinclude hptextbooks, hpprimary hpreports hpof hpresearch, hpand hppublished hpmeta-analyses. hpAnother
hpsource hpof hpstatistics, hpthe hpone hpthat hphas hpbeen hpmost hpwidely hpused hpand hpavailable hpfor hpapplication hpto hpthe hpreasoning hpprocess, hpis
hpthe hpestimation hpbased hpon hpa hpprovider‘s hpexperience, hpalthough hpthese hpare hprarely hpaccurate. hpOver hpthe hppast hpdecade, hpthe
hpavailability hpof hpevidence hpon hpwhich hpto hpbase hpclinical hpreasoning hpis hpimproving, h p and hpthere hpis hpan hpincreasing hpexpectation
hpthat hpclinical hpreasoning hpbe hpbased hpon hpscientific hpevidence.
Evidence-based hpstatistics hpare hp also hpincreasingly hpbeing hpused hpto hpdevelop h p resources hpto hpfacilitate h p clinical h p decision-making.
PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
To hpassist hpin hpclinical hpdecision-making, hpa hpnumber hpof hpevidence-based hpresources hphave hpbeen hpdeveloped hpto hpassist hpthe
hpclinician. hpResources, hpsuch hpas hpalgorithms hpand hpclinical hppractice hpguidelines, hpassist hpin hpclinical hpreasoning hpwhen hpproperly
hpapplied.
PTS: 1
7. ANS: A
The hpsensitivity hpof hpa hpdiagnostic hpstudy hpis hpthe hppercentage hpof hpindividuals hpwith hpthe hptarget hpcondition hpwho hpshow hpan hpabnormal,
hpor h p positive, hpresult. hpA hphigh hpsensitivity hpindicates hpthat hpa hpgreater hppercentage hpof hppersons hpwith hpthe hpgiven hpcondition hpwill
hphave hpan hpabnormal hpresult.
PTS: 1
8. ANS: B
The hpspecificity hpof hpa hpdiagnostic hpstudy hpis hpthe hppercentage hpof hpnormal, hphealthy hpindividuals hpwho hphave hpa hpnormal hpresult. hpThe
hpgreater hpthe hpspecificity, hpthe hpgreater hpthe hppercentage hpof hpindividuals hpwho hpwill hphave hpnegative, hpor hpnormal, hpresults hpif hpthey
hpdo hpnot hphave hpthe hptarget hpcondition.
PTS: 1
9. ANS: A
The hplikelihood hpratio hpis hpthe hpprobability hpthat hpa hppositive hptest hpresult hpwill hpbe hpassociated hpwith hpa hpperson hpwho hphas hpthe hptarget
hpcondition hpand hpa hpnegative hpresult hpwill hpbe hpassociated hpwith hpa hphealthy hpperson. hpA hplikelihood hpratio hpabove hp1 hpindicates hpthat hpa
hppositive hpresult hpis hpassociated hpwith hpthe hpdisease; hpa hplikelihood hpratio hpless hpthan hp1 hpindicates hpthat hpa hpnegative hpresult hpis
hpassociated hpwith hpan hpabsence hpof hpthe hpdisease.
hp
, lOMoARcPSD| 126
hp
Test Bank for Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care
hp hp hp hp hp hp hp hp hp hp hp
7th hp h7
Chapter 1: Clinical Reasoning, Differential Diagnosis, Evidence-Based Practice, and Symptom Analysis
hp hp hp hp hp hp hp hp hp hp
Multiple Choicehp
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
hp hp hp hp hp hp hp hp hp hp hp
1. Which hptype hpof hpclinical hpdecision-making hpis hpmost hpreliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
2. Which hpof hpthe hpfollowing hpis hpfalse? hpTo hpobtain hpadequate hphistory, hphealth-care hpproviders hpmust hpbe:
A. Methodical hpand hpsystematic
B. Attentive hpto hpthe hppatient‘s hpverbal hpand hpnonverbal
hplanguage
C. Able hpto hpaccuratelyhpinterpret hpthe hppatient‘s hpresponses
D. Adept hpat hpreading hpintohpthe hppatient‘s hpstatements
3. Essential hpparts hpof hpa hphealth hphistoryhpinclude hpall hpof hpthe hpfollowing hpexcept:
A. Chief hpcomplaint
B. Historyhpof hpthe hppresent hpillness
C. Current hpvital hpsigns
D. All hpof hpthe hpabove hpare hpessential hphistory
hpcomponents
4. Which hpof hpthe hpfollowing hpis hpfalse? hpWhile hpperforming hpthe hpphysical hpexamination, hpthe hpexaminer hpmust hpbe hpable hpto:
A. Differentiate hpbetween hpnormal hpand hpabnormal hpfindings
B. Recall hpknowledge hpof hpa hprange hpof hpconditions hpand hptheir hpassociated hpsigns hpand
hpsymptoms
C. Recognize hphow hpcertain hpconditions hpaffect hpthe hpresponse hpto hpother hpconditions
D. Foresee hpunpredictable h p findings
5. The hpfollowing hpis hpthe hpleast hpreliable hpsource hpof hpinformation hpfor hpdiagnostic hpstatistics:
A. Evidence-based h p investigations
B. Primaryhpreports hpof hpresearch
C. Estimation hpbased hpon hpa hpprovider‘s
hpexperience
D. Published h p meta-analyses
6. The hpfollowing hpcan hpbe hpused hpto hpassist hpin hpsound hpclinical hpdecision-making:
A. Algorithmhppublished hpin hpa hppeer-reviewed hpjournal
hparticle
B. Clinical hppractice hpguidelines
C. Evidence-based h p research
D. All hpof hpthe hpabove
7. If hpa hpdiagnostic hpstudyhphas hphigh hpsensitivity, hp this hpindicates hpa:
A. High hppercentage hpof hppersons hpwith hpthe hpgiven hpcondition hpwill hphave hpan hpabnormal
hpresult
B. Low hppercentage hpof hppersons hpwith hpthe hpgiven hpcondition hpwill hphave hpan hpabnormal
hpresult
C. Low hplikelihood hpof hpnormal hpresult hpin hppersons hpwithout hpa hpgiven hpcondition
D. None hpof hpthe hpabove
8. If hpa hpdiagnostic hpstudyhphas hphigh hpspecificity, hpthis hpindicates hpa:
A. Low hppercentage hpof hphealthyhpindividuals hpwill hpshow hpa hpnormal hpresult
B. High hppercentage hpof hphealthyhpindividuals hpwill hpshow hpa hpnormal hpresult
C. High hppercentage hpof hpindividuals hpwith hpa hpdisorder hpwill hpshow hpa hpnormal
hpresult
D. Low hppercentage hpof hpindividuals hpwith hpa hpdisorder hpwill hpshow hpan hpabnormal
hpresult
9. A hplikelihood hpratio hpabove hp1 hpindicates hpthat hpa hpdiagnostic hptest hpshowing hpa:
A. Positive hpresult hpis hpstronglyhpassociated hpwith hpthe hpdisease
B. Negative hpresult hpis hpstronglyhpassociated hpwith hpabsence hpof hpthe
hpdisease
C. Positive hpresult hpis hpweaklyhpassociated hpwith hpthe hpdisease
D. Negative hpresult hpis hpweaklyhpassociated hpwith hpabsence hpof hpthe
hpdisease
10. Which hpof hpthe hpfollowing hpclinical hpreasoning hptools hpis hpdefined hpas hpevidence-based hpresource hpbased hpon hpmathematical
, lOMoARcPSD| 126
hp
hp modeling hpto hpexpress hpthe hplikelihood hpof hpa hpcondition hpin hpselect hpsituations, hpsettings, hpand/or hppatients?
, lOMoARcPSD| 126
hp
A. Clinical hppractice
hpguideline
B. Clinical hpdecision hprule
C. Clinical hpalgorithm
Chapter 1: Clinical reasoning, differential diagnosis, evidence-based practice, and symptom ana
hp hp hp hp hp hp hp hp hp hp
Answer Section
hp
MULTIPLE hpCHOICE
1. ANS: B
Croskerry hp(2009) hpdescribes hptwo hpmajor hptypes hpof hpclinical hpdiagnostic hpdecision-making: hpintuitive hpand hpanalytical. hpIntuitive
hpdecision- hpmaking hp(similar hpto hpAugenblink hpdecision-making) hpis hpbased hpon hpthe hpexperience hpand hpintuition hpof hpthe hpclinician
hpand hpis hpless hpreliable hpand hppaired hpwith hpfairly hpcommon hperrors. hpIn hpcontrast, hpanalytical hpdecision-making hpis hpbased hpon
hpcareful hpconsideration hpand hphas hpgreater hpreliability hpwith hprare hperrors.
PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
To hpobtain hpadequate hphistory, hpproviders hpmust hpbe hpwell hporganized, hpattentive hpto hpthe hppatient‘s hpverbal hpand hpnonverbal
hplanguage, hpand hpable hpto hpaccurately hpinterpret hpthe hppatient‘s hpresponses hpto hpquestions. hpRather hpthan hpreading hpinto hpthe hppatient‘s
hpstatements, hpthey hpclarify hpany hpareas hpof hpuncertainty.
PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
Vital hpsigns hpare hppart hpof hpthe hpphysical hpexamination hpportion hpof hppatient hpassessment, hpnot hppart hpof hpthe hphealth hphistory.
PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
While hpperforming hpthe hpphysical hpexamination, hpthe hpexaminer hpmust hpbe hpable hpto hpdifferentiate hpbetween hpnormal hpand hpabnormal
hpfindings, hprecall hpknowledge hpof hpa hprange hpof hpconditions, hpincluding hptheir hpassociated hpsigns hpand hpsymptoms, hprecognize hphow
hpcertain hpconditions hpaffect hpthe hpresponse hpto hpother hpconditions, hpand hpdistinguish hpthe hprelevance hpof hpvaried hpabnormal hpfindings.
PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sources hpfor hpdiagnostic hpstatistics hpinclude hptextbooks, hpprimary hpreports hpof hpresearch, hpand hppublished hpmeta-analyses. hpAnother
hpsource hpof hpstatistics, hpthe hpone hpthat hphas hpbeen hpmost hpwidely hpused hpand hpavailable hpfor hpapplication hpto hpthe hpreasoning hpprocess, hpis
hpthe hpestimation hpbased hpon hpa hpprovider‘s hpexperience, hpalthough hpthese hpare hprarely hpaccurate. hpOver hpthe hppast hpdecade, hpthe
hpavailability hpof hpevidence hpon hpwhich hpto hpbase hpclinical hpreasoning hpis hpimproving, h p and hpthere hpis hpan hpincreasing hpexpectation
hpthat hpclinical hpreasoning hpbe hpbased hpon hpscientific hpevidence.
Evidence-based hpstatistics hpare hp also hpincreasingly hpbeing hpused hpto hpdevelop h p resources hpto hpfacilitate h p clinical h p decision-making.
PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
To hpassist hpin hpclinical hpdecision-making, hpa hpnumber hpof hpevidence-based hpresources hphave hpbeen hpdeveloped hpto hpassist hpthe
hpclinician. hpResources, hpsuch hpas hpalgorithms hpand hpclinical hppractice hpguidelines, hpassist hpin hpclinical hpreasoning hpwhen hpproperly
hpapplied.
PTS: 1
7. ANS: A
The hpsensitivity hpof hpa hpdiagnostic hpstudy hpis hpthe hppercentage hpof hpindividuals hpwith hpthe hptarget hpcondition hpwho hpshow hpan hpabnormal,
hpor h p positive, hpresult. hpA hphigh hpsensitivity hpindicates hpthat hpa hpgreater hppercentage hpof hppersons hpwith hpthe hpgiven hpcondition hpwill
hphave hpan hpabnormal hpresult.
PTS: 1
8. ANS: B
The hpspecificity hpof hpa hpdiagnostic hpstudy hpis hpthe hppercentage hpof hpnormal, hphealthy hpindividuals hpwho hphave hpa hpnormal hpresult. hpThe
hpgreater hpthe hpspecificity, hpthe hpgreater hpthe hppercentage hpof hpindividuals hpwho hpwill hphave hpnegative, hpor hpnormal, hpresults hpif hpthey
hpdo hpnot hphave hpthe hptarget hpcondition.
PTS: 1
9. ANS: A
The hplikelihood hpratio hpis hpthe hpprobability hpthat hpa hppositive hptest hpresult hpwill hpbe hpassociated hpwith hpa hpperson hpwho hphas hpthe hptarget
hpcondition hpand hpa hpnegative hpresult hpwill hpbe hpassociated hpwith hpa hphealthy hpperson. hpA hplikelihood hpratio hpabove hp1 hpindicates hpthat hpa
hppositive hpresult hpis hpassociated hpwith hpthe hpdisease; hpa hplikelihood hpratio hpless hpthan hp1 hpindicates hpthat hpa hpnegative hpresult hpis
hpassociated hpwith hpan hpabsence hpof hpthe hpdisease.
