PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS
Vaccinations depend on which type of immunity? -Answer:-Humoral
immunity because it produces antibodies to produce other cell types
to actively kill microbes and other foreign tissues
B cells differentiate into what? -Answer:-Plasma cells, but need a
first exposure
Cell-mediated Immunity -Answer:-Third line of defense:
-Does not use antibodies, but does release cytokines to influence
other cells.
-Activates macrophages, Natural Killer cells, and antigen-specific T
cells made in the Thymus
What immunity is useful in controlling microbes surviving in
phagocytes, those infecting non-phagocytic cells (especially viruses)
and abnormal cells. -Answer:-Cell-mediated immunity because it
recognizes abnormal cells from cancers, virus infections, and
transplanted tissues
,Which type of immunity is activated in delayed hypersensitivity
(type IV) responses. -Answer:-Cell-mediated immunity
Innate Immunity -Answer:-First line of defense against microbial
agents, can distinguish from self and non-self but not among specific
pathogens.
Adaptive immunity -Answer:-Involves humoral and cell-mediated
immune responses that react to a unique antigen, can distinguish
self from non-self, and develop immunologic memory, allowing a
prompt and heightened response on subsequent encounters with
the same antigen
Cells involved in Innate Immunity responses -Answer:-- phagocytic
granulocytes - neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils
- macrophages - engulf and kills invading microbes, are antigen
presenting cells
- dendritic cells - antigen-presenting cells
- natural killer cells - first line of defense against viral infections
, Cells involved in Adaptive Immunity responses -Answer:-- B
lymphocytes - make antibodies
- T lymphocytes - include helper T cells that help B celss make
antibodies and help phagocytic cells destroy ingested pathogens and
cytotoxic t cells that kill intracellular microbes
Apoptosis -Answer:-Programmed cell death. Highly selective
process that eliminates injured and aged cells, thereby controlling
tissue regeneration.
Necrosis -Answer:-Cell death in an organ or tissue that is still part of
a living person.
Apoptosis vs. Necrosis -Answer:-Necrosis differs from apoptosis in
that it involves unregulated enzymatic digestion of cell components,
loss of cell membrane integrity with uncontrolled release of the
products of cell death into the extracellular space, and imitation of
the inflammatory response. Necrosis interferes with cell
replacement and tissue regeneration.
WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS
Vaccinations depend on which type of immunity? -Answer:-Humoral
immunity because it produces antibodies to produce other cell types
to actively kill microbes and other foreign tissues
B cells differentiate into what? -Answer:-Plasma cells, but need a
first exposure
Cell-mediated Immunity -Answer:-Third line of defense:
-Does not use antibodies, but does release cytokines to influence
other cells.
-Activates macrophages, Natural Killer cells, and antigen-specific T
cells made in the Thymus
What immunity is useful in controlling microbes surviving in
phagocytes, those infecting non-phagocytic cells (especially viruses)
and abnormal cells. -Answer:-Cell-mediated immunity because it
recognizes abnormal cells from cancers, virus infections, and
transplanted tissues
,Which type of immunity is activated in delayed hypersensitivity
(type IV) responses. -Answer:-Cell-mediated immunity
Innate Immunity -Answer:-First line of defense against microbial
agents, can distinguish from self and non-self but not among specific
pathogens.
Adaptive immunity -Answer:-Involves humoral and cell-mediated
immune responses that react to a unique antigen, can distinguish
self from non-self, and develop immunologic memory, allowing a
prompt and heightened response on subsequent encounters with
the same antigen
Cells involved in Innate Immunity responses -Answer:-- phagocytic
granulocytes - neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils
- macrophages - engulf and kills invading microbes, are antigen
presenting cells
- dendritic cells - antigen-presenting cells
- natural killer cells - first line of defense against viral infections
, Cells involved in Adaptive Immunity responses -Answer:-- B
lymphocytes - make antibodies
- T lymphocytes - include helper T cells that help B celss make
antibodies and help phagocytic cells destroy ingested pathogens and
cytotoxic t cells that kill intracellular microbes
Apoptosis -Answer:-Programmed cell death. Highly selective
process that eliminates injured and aged cells, thereby controlling
tissue regeneration.
Necrosis -Answer:-Cell death in an organ or tissue that is still part of
a living person.
Apoptosis vs. Necrosis -Answer:-Necrosis differs from apoptosis in
that it involves unregulated enzymatic digestion of cell components,
loss of cell membrane integrity with uncontrolled release of the
products of cell death into the extracellular space, and imitation of
the inflammatory response. Necrosis interferes with cell
replacement and tissue regeneration.
