A+ Graded Paper
NR548 Psychiatric Assessment Final Exam -With
Complete Q&A + Graded A
Questions and Mark scheme
Version: Final 1.1
,In which phases of gait is DF paresis most evident? What effects does this have? - ✔✔*Pre Swing--> Initial Contact*
-Reduced DF leads to reduced foot clearance during swing phase; can result in compensatory strategies at knee, hip, or
trunk
-Hip circumduction
-Elevation of ipsilateral hip to clear foot
In which phases of gait is hip flexor paresis most evident? What effects does this have? - ✔✔*Pre Swing --> Terminal
Swing*
-Reduced hip flexor activation limits limb advancement during swing; can result in compensatory strategies to advance
limb
-LE external rotation to use hip adductors
-Posterior trunk lean
Define *ataxia*. Which populations experience ataxia? How does ataxia affect gait? - ✔✔-Abnormal patterns of muscle
activation that affect the timing or scaling of muscle activity
-Common in: cerebellar dysfunction (CVA, MS, TBI, degenerative disease), proprioceptive loss
-Highly variable effect on gait (generally may see a "high steppage gait"; more hip & knee flexion)
Loss of sensory inputs can be __________ or __________ - ✔✔Loss of sensory inputs can be *central* or *peripheral*
-Central = visual, vestibular, perceptual (e.g. hemispatial inattention)
-Peripheral = peripheral neuropathy
How might *cognitive/behavioral* impairments affect gait? - ✔✔-Impulsivity
-Impaired judgment
-Attention & memory deficits impacting route finding/navigation
-After ~___ years, half of the population has a gait impairment
-20-30% of individuals above ___ years fall every year (and 10-30% of falls result in injury) - ✔✔-After ~*85* years, half
of the population has a gait impairment
-20-30% of individuals above *65* years fall every year (and 10-30% of falls result in injury)
According to the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) you must be able to walk ___m/___ft to be designated an
"independent ambulator" - ✔✔According to the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) you must be able to walk
*46*m/*150*ft to be designated an "independent ambulator"
, Community ambulation requires:
-Crosswalks: ___m
-Curb height: ___cm
-Post office: ___m
-Club warehouse (e.g. Costco): ___m - ✔✔Community ambulation requires:
-Crosswalks: *10-20*m
-Curb height: *17-18.5*cm
-Post office: *64*m
-Club warehouse (e.g. Costco): *677*m
What is the "normal" speed of walking? - ✔✔1.33m/s
Which populations typically display a *hemiparetic gait*? How does a hemiparetic gait affect gait? - ✔✔-Common in:
CVA, TBI
-Stance phase shortened on hemiparetic side due to lack of stability and swing phase lengthened
Name 4 variable contributing impairments that can occur with *hemiparetic gait* - ✔✔-*Musculoskeletal*: ROM,
weakness
-*Neuromuscular*: spasticity, paresis, coordination
-*Sensory/perceptual*: hemianopsia, somatosensory deficits, hemispatial inattention
-*Cognitive/behavioral*: confusion/impulsiveness
What are some common spatiotemporal characteristics of *hemiparetic gait*? Think in general terms as well as in the
involved and uninvolved LE. - ✔✔General:
-Decreased velocity
-Decreased cadence
-Increased double limb support time
Involved LE:
-Decreased stance time
-Increased swing time
-Decreased toe clearance
NR548 Psychiatric Assessment Final Exam -With
Complete Q&A + Graded A
Questions and Mark scheme
Version: Final 1.1
,In which phases of gait is DF paresis most evident? What effects does this have? - ✔✔*Pre Swing--> Initial Contact*
-Reduced DF leads to reduced foot clearance during swing phase; can result in compensatory strategies at knee, hip, or
trunk
-Hip circumduction
-Elevation of ipsilateral hip to clear foot
In which phases of gait is hip flexor paresis most evident? What effects does this have? - ✔✔*Pre Swing --> Terminal
Swing*
-Reduced hip flexor activation limits limb advancement during swing; can result in compensatory strategies to advance
limb
-LE external rotation to use hip adductors
-Posterior trunk lean
Define *ataxia*. Which populations experience ataxia? How does ataxia affect gait? - ✔✔-Abnormal patterns of muscle
activation that affect the timing or scaling of muscle activity
-Common in: cerebellar dysfunction (CVA, MS, TBI, degenerative disease), proprioceptive loss
-Highly variable effect on gait (generally may see a "high steppage gait"; more hip & knee flexion)
Loss of sensory inputs can be __________ or __________ - ✔✔Loss of sensory inputs can be *central* or *peripheral*
-Central = visual, vestibular, perceptual (e.g. hemispatial inattention)
-Peripheral = peripheral neuropathy
How might *cognitive/behavioral* impairments affect gait? - ✔✔-Impulsivity
-Impaired judgment
-Attention & memory deficits impacting route finding/navigation
-After ~___ years, half of the population has a gait impairment
-20-30% of individuals above ___ years fall every year (and 10-30% of falls result in injury) - ✔✔-After ~*85* years, half
of the population has a gait impairment
-20-30% of individuals above *65* years fall every year (and 10-30% of falls result in injury)
According to the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) you must be able to walk ___m/___ft to be designated an
"independent ambulator" - ✔✔According to the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) you must be able to walk
*46*m/*150*ft to be designated an "independent ambulator"
, Community ambulation requires:
-Crosswalks: ___m
-Curb height: ___cm
-Post office: ___m
-Club warehouse (e.g. Costco): ___m - ✔✔Community ambulation requires:
-Crosswalks: *10-20*m
-Curb height: *17-18.5*cm
-Post office: *64*m
-Club warehouse (e.g. Costco): *677*m
What is the "normal" speed of walking? - ✔✔1.33m/s
Which populations typically display a *hemiparetic gait*? How does a hemiparetic gait affect gait? - ✔✔-Common in:
CVA, TBI
-Stance phase shortened on hemiparetic side due to lack of stability and swing phase lengthened
Name 4 variable contributing impairments that can occur with *hemiparetic gait* - ✔✔-*Musculoskeletal*: ROM,
weakness
-*Neuromuscular*: spasticity, paresis, coordination
-*Sensory/perceptual*: hemianopsia, somatosensory deficits, hemispatial inattention
-*Cognitive/behavioral*: confusion/impulsiveness
What are some common spatiotemporal characteristics of *hemiparetic gait*? Think in general terms as well as in the
involved and uninvolved LE. - ✔✔General:
-Decreased velocity
-Decreased cadence
-Increased double limb support time
Involved LE:
-Decreased stance time
-Increased swing time
-Decreased toe clearance
