1. What is a common sign of a urinary tract infection (UTI) in
older adults?
A. Fever and chills
B. Confusion and delirium
C. Painful urination
D. Excessive thirst
Answer: B) Confusion and delirium
Rationale: In older adults, UTIs may present with atypical
symptoms such as confusion, delirium, or agitation, rather than
the typical symptoms of fever and dysuria.
2. A patient diagnosed with a brain tumor presents with sudden
weakness on one side of the body. What could this symptom
indicate?
A. Stroke
B. Seizure
C. Hemiparesis
D. Epilepsy
Answer: C) Hemiparesis
Rationale: Hemiparesis refers to weakness or partial paralysis on
one side of the body, which can occur with a brain tumor that
affects the motor areas of the brain.
3. Which of the following is a common cause of hypoxemia?
A. Anemia
B. Asthma
C. Hypertension
D. Diabetes
Answer: B) Asthma
Rationale: Asthma causes bronchoconstriction and inflammation
in the airways, leading to decreased oxygen exchange and
,resulting in hypoxemia.
4. Which of the following factors is most likely to increase the
risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
A. Frequent physical activity
B. Use of oral contraceptives
C. Low body weight
D. Dehydration
Answer: B) Use of oral contraceptives
Rationale: Oral contraceptives can increase clotting factor
production, which elevates the risk of DVT.
5. A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is most at risk for
which of the following electrolyte imbalances?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypocalcemia
Answer: A) Hyperkalemia
Rationale: In CKD, the kidneys are unable to excrete potassium
effectively, leading to the accumulation of potassium in the blood,
resulting in hyperkalemia.
6. Which of the following lab findings is typically seen in a patient
with acute renal failure (ARF)?
A. Increased serum creatinine
B. Decreased serum potassium
C. Decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
D. Decreased urine output (oliguria)
Answer: A) Increased serum creatinine
Rationale: In acute renal failure, the kidneys' ability to excrete
waste products diminishes, leading to an increase in serum
creatinine levels.
, 7. Which of the following lab results is most likely in a patient
with dehydration?
A. Low hematocrit
B. Low sodium levels
C. Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
D. Low creatinine
Answer: C) Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Rationale: Dehydration leads to decreased renal perfusion and an
increase in BUN due to reduced fluid volume.
8. Which of the following is the most common cause of stroke?
A. Aneurysm rupture
B. Ischemia due to a clot
C. Brain tumor
D. Hypertension
Answer: B) Ischemia due to a clot
Rationale: Ischemic strokes are the most common type of stroke
and occur when a clot blocks blood flow to the brain.
9. Which of the following would you expect in a patient with
Addison’s disease?
A. Increased blood pressure
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Weight gain
D. Increased appetite
Answer: B) Hyperkalemia
Rationale: Addison’s disease, a disorder of the adrenal glands,
leads to decreased cortisol and aldosterone production. This
results in fluid and sodium loss and potassium retention, causing
hyperkalemia.
10. A nurse is caring for a patient with pneumonia. Which of the
older adults?
A. Fever and chills
B. Confusion and delirium
C. Painful urination
D. Excessive thirst
Answer: B) Confusion and delirium
Rationale: In older adults, UTIs may present with atypical
symptoms such as confusion, delirium, or agitation, rather than
the typical symptoms of fever and dysuria.
2. A patient diagnosed with a brain tumor presents with sudden
weakness on one side of the body. What could this symptom
indicate?
A. Stroke
B. Seizure
C. Hemiparesis
D. Epilepsy
Answer: C) Hemiparesis
Rationale: Hemiparesis refers to weakness or partial paralysis on
one side of the body, which can occur with a brain tumor that
affects the motor areas of the brain.
3. Which of the following is a common cause of hypoxemia?
A. Anemia
B. Asthma
C. Hypertension
D. Diabetes
Answer: B) Asthma
Rationale: Asthma causes bronchoconstriction and inflammation
in the airways, leading to decreased oxygen exchange and
,resulting in hypoxemia.
4. Which of the following factors is most likely to increase the
risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
A. Frequent physical activity
B. Use of oral contraceptives
C. Low body weight
D. Dehydration
Answer: B) Use of oral contraceptives
Rationale: Oral contraceptives can increase clotting factor
production, which elevates the risk of DVT.
5. A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is most at risk for
which of the following electrolyte imbalances?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypocalcemia
Answer: A) Hyperkalemia
Rationale: In CKD, the kidneys are unable to excrete potassium
effectively, leading to the accumulation of potassium in the blood,
resulting in hyperkalemia.
6. Which of the following lab findings is typically seen in a patient
with acute renal failure (ARF)?
A. Increased serum creatinine
B. Decreased serum potassium
C. Decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
D. Decreased urine output (oliguria)
Answer: A) Increased serum creatinine
Rationale: In acute renal failure, the kidneys' ability to excrete
waste products diminishes, leading to an increase in serum
creatinine levels.
, 7. Which of the following lab results is most likely in a patient
with dehydration?
A. Low hematocrit
B. Low sodium levels
C. Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
D. Low creatinine
Answer: C) Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Rationale: Dehydration leads to decreased renal perfusion and an
increase in BUN due to reduced fluid volume.
8. Which of the following is the most common cause of stroke?
A. Aneurysm rupture
B. Ischemia due to a clot
C. Brain tumor
D. Hypertension
Answer: B) Ischemia due to a clot
Rationale: Ischemic strokes are the most common type of stroke
and occur when a clot blocks blood flow to the brain.
9. Which of the following would you expect in a patient with
Addison’s disease?
A. Increased blood pressure
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Weight gain
D. Increased appetite
Answer: B) Hyperkalemia
Rationale: Addison’s disease, a disorder of the adrenal glands,
leads to decreased cortisol and aldosterone production. This
results in fluid and sodium loss and potassium retention, causing
hyperkalemia.
10. A nurse is caring for a patient with pneumonia. Which of the
