1. A nurse is caring for a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Which
of the following is a common manifestation of this condition?
A. Symmetrical joint pain and swelling
B. Morning dizziness and fatigue
C. Unilateral leg swelling
D. Chest pain
Answer: A) Symmetrical joint pain and swelling
Rationale: Rheumatoid arthritis typically causes symmetrical joint
pain, stiffness, and swelling, particularly in the hands and feet.
2. What is a classic symptom of Parkinson’s disease?
A. Muscle rigidity
B. Hypotension
C. Polyuria
D. Weight gain
Answer: A) Muscle rigidity
Rationale: Parkinson’s disease is characterized by symptoms such
as muscle rigidity, tremors, and bradykinesia due to a loss of
dopaminergic neurons in the brain.
3. What is the primary cause of atherosclerosis?
A. Decreased calcium intake
B. Chronic inflammation of the blood vessels
C. Increased HDL cholesterol
D. Vitamin D deficiency
Answer: B) Chronic inflammation of the blood vessels
Rationale: Atherosclerosis is primarily caused by the build-up of
plaque in the arteries, often triggered by chronic inflammation
and high levels of LDL cholesterol in the bloodstream.
4. Which of the following would you expect in a patient with
,Addison’s disease?
A. Increased blood pressure
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Weight gain
D. Increased appetite
Answer: B) Hyperkalemia
Rationale: Addison’s disease, a disorder of the adrenal glands,
leads to decreased cortisol and aldosterone production. This
results in fluid and sodium loss and potassium retention, causing
hyperkalemia.
5. A nurse is assessing a client with a suspected myocardial
infarction (MI). Which finding would be most indicative of an MI?
A. Severe sharp chest pain that radiates to the left shoulder
B. Shortness of breath with a productive cough
C. Gradual onset of bilateral lower leg edema
D. Sudden dizziness with no associated chest pain
Answer: A) Severe sharp chest pain that radiates to the left
shoulder
Rationale: A common symptom of myocardial infarction is chest
pain that radiates to the left shoulder or arm. This is due to
ischemia affecting the heart muscle.
6. A patient with COPD has developed a barrel chest. What does
this physical finding indicate?
A. Emphysema
B. Pneumonia
C. Asthma
D. Acute bronchitis
Answer: A) Emphysema
Rationale: A barrel chest is a physical characteristic seen in
emphysema, a type of COPD. It occurs due to the hyperinflation
of the lungs, which causes the chest to assume a rounded,
, expanded shape.
7. A nurse is caring for a patient with pneumonia. Which of the
following is a common sign of pneumonia?
A. Cough with sputum production
B. Sudden weight gain
C. Seizures
D. Hemoptysis without cough
Answer: A) Cough with sputum production
Rationale: Pneumonia typically presents with symptoms such as a
productive cough with purulent sputum, fever, and difficulty
breathing due to inflammation in the lungs.
8. Which of the following is a classic sign of hyperthyroidism?
A. Weight gain
B. Cold intolerance
C. Tachycardia
D. Bradycardia
Answer: C) Tachycardia
Rationale: Hyperthyroidism is characterized by an overproduction
of thyroid hormones, leading to symptoms like tachycardia, heat
intolerance, and weight loss.
9. A patient diagnosed with a brain tumor presents with sudden
weakness on one side of the body. What could this symptom
indicate?
A. Stroke
B. Seizure
C. Hemiparesis
D. Epilepsy
Answer: C) Hemiparesis
Rationale: Hemiparesis refers to weakness or partial paralysis on
one side of the body, which can occur with a brain tumor that
of the following is a common manifestation of this condition?
A. Symmetrical joint pain and swelling
B. Morning dizziness and fatigue
C. Unilateral leg swelling
D. Chest pain
Answer: A) Symmetrical joint pain and swelling
Rationale: Rheumatoid arthritis typically causes symmetrical joint
pain, stiffness, and swelling, particularly in the hands and feet.
2. What is a classic symptom of Parkinson’s disease?
A. Muscle rigidity
B. Hypotension
C. Polyuria
D. Weight gain
Answer: A) Muscle rigidity
Rationale: Parkinson’s disease is characterized by symptoms such
as muscle rigidity, tremors, and bradykinesia due to a loss of
dopaminergic neurons in the brain.
3. What is the primary cause of atherosclerosis?
A. Decreased calcium intake
B. Chronic inflammation of the blood vessels
C. Increased HDL cholesterol
D. Vitamin D deficiency
Answer: B) Chronic inflammation of the blood vessels
Rationale: Atherosclerosis is primarily caused by the build-up of
plaque in the arteries, often triggered by chronic inflammation
and high levels of LDL cholesterol in the bloodstream.
4. Which of the following would you expect in a patient with
,Addison’s disease?
A. Increased blood pressure
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Weight gain
D. Increased appetite
Answer: B) Hyperkalemia
Rationale: Addison’s disease, a disorder of the adrenal glands,
leads to decreased cortisol and aldosterone production. This
results in fluid and sodium loss and potassium retention, causing
hyperkalemia.
5. A nurse is assessing a client with a suspected myocardial
infarction (MI). Which finding would be most indicative of an MI?
A. Severe sharp chest pain that radiates to the left shoulder
B. Shortness of breath with a productive cough
C. Gradual onset of bilateral lower leg edema
D. Sudden dizziness with no associated chest pain
Answer: A) Severe sharp chest pain that radiates to the left
shoulder
Rationale: A common symptom of myocardial infarction is chest
pain that radiates to the left shoulder or arm. This is due to
ischemia affecting the heart muscle.
6. A patient with COPD has developed a barrel chest. What does
this physical finding indicate?
A. Emphysema
B. Pneumonia
C. Asthma
D. Acute bronchitis
Answer: A) Emphysema
Rationale: A barrel chest is a physical characteristic seen in
emphysema, a type of COPD. It occurs due to the hyperinflation
of the lungs, which causes the chest to assume a rounded,
, expanded shape.
7. A nurse is caring for a patient with pneumonia. Which of the
following is a common sign of pneumonia?
A. Cough with sputum production
B. Sudden weight gain
C. Seizures
D. Hemoptysis without cough
Answer: A) Cough with sputum production
Rationale: Pneumonia typically presents with symptoms such as a
productive cough with purulent sputum, fever, and difficulty
breathing due to inflammation in the lungs.
8. Which of the following is a classic sign of hyperthyroidism?
A. Weight gain
B. Cold intolerance
C. Tachycardia
D. Bradycardia
Answer: C) Tachycardia
Rationale: Hyperthyroidism is characterized by an overproduction
of thyroid hormones, leading to symptoms like tachycardia, heat
intolerance, and weight loss.
9. A patient diagnosed with a brain tumor presents with sudden
weakness on one side of the body. What could this symptom
indicate?
A. Stroke
B. Seizure
C. Hemiparesis
D. Epilepsy
Answer: C) Hemiparesis
Rationale: Hemiparesis refers to weakness or partial paralysis on
one side of the body, which can occur with a brain tumor that
