BMAT biology questions with verified answers
Cardiovascular disease is an example of a non-communicable disease as
it is not transmissible from one host to another. Which of the following
are not appropriate management plans for someone diagnosed with
cardiovascular disease?
A.Anticoagulation medication
B.Statin medication
C.Anti-hypertensive medication
D.Arteriak stent placement
E.Paracetamol
F.aspirin Ans✓✓✓ Paracetamol is another painkiller but is not an
accepted treatment option for cardiovascular disease as it is actually
associated with increasing blood pressure, thereby increasing the risk
of having a heart attack.
Describe asexual reproduction Ans✓✓✓ Does not involve the fusion of
sex cells (fertilisation), rather it uses mitosis.
Is most common among plants and bacteria.
Usually a small part of the organism enlarges by mitosis. It then breaks
off, moves away and grows until both the 'parent' and the 'offspring'
are the same size and thus develops into an independent organism.
The offspring have exact copies of the parental genes - i.e. they are
clones (groups of offspring which are genetically identical to each other
and to the parent organism).
,As there is no mixing of genetic information there is no variation in the
offspring.
Involves only one parent and there are no sex cells (gametes) involved.
Describe sexual reproduction Ans✓✓✓ Involves the fusion of two sex
cells - gametes.
Is important because, when the sex cells fuse in fertilisation, the
mixture of genetic information from two parents causes variation in the
offspring.
Sexual reproduction involves two parents.
Provides lots of variation within a species, helping it to survive when
the environment changes.
Describe the following organs in the excretory system?
Ureters
Urethra
The Bowman's capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct Ans✓✓✓ Conduits that take urine from the kidney to
the bladder
Tube carries urine out from the bladder
partially surrounds the glomerulus where ultrafiltration occurs
reabsorbs glucose
Reabsorbs water and under ADH control
, Describe the trends found pyramids of biomass Ans✓✓✓ Energy and
biomass reduce as you move to the next trophic level in a food chain.
Usually there is less number of organisms as you go up, for example
100 carrots feed 10 rabbits, and the 10 rabbits feed only one fox; but
this is not always the case.
Sometimes the number increases when you move up, for example if
there are 500 fleas feeding on the fox.
Pyramids of biomass represent the food chain:
Each bar represents the biomass of all individuals at each trophic level
in the food chain.
Pyramids of biomass usually are a true pyramid shape (each level is
smaller than the one below it because the biomass reduces as we move
up).
Explain the general experimentation process of genetically
engineering? Ans✓✓✓ Determine the location of the wanted gene on
the chromosome.
The gene is cut out using restriction enzymes. This leaves the DNA with
so-called 'sticky ends'.
A loop of bacterial DNA called a plasmid is then prepared for the gene
to be inserted. The same restriction enzymes are used to cut open the
plasmid, leaving it with sticky ends too.
The gene is inserted in the plasmid which is also called a vector (a sort
of molecular lorry) that will carry the gene into cells of the new
organism.
Cardiovascular disease is an example of a non-communicable disease as
it is not transmissible from one host to another. Which of the following
are not appropriate management plans for someone diagnosed with
cardiovascular disease?
A.Anticoagulation medication
B.Statin medication
C.Anti-hypertensive medication
D.Arteriak stent placement
E.Paracetamol
F.aspirin Ans✓✓✓ Paracetamol is another painkiller but is not an
accepted treatment option for cardiovascular disease as it is actually
associated with increasing blood pressure, thereby increasing the risk
of having a heart attack.
Describe asexual reproduction Ans✓✓✓ Does not involve the fusion of
sex cells (fertilisation), rather it uses mitosis.
Is most common among plants and bacteria.
Usually a small part of the organism enlarges by mitosis. It then breaks
off, moves away and grows until both the 'parent' and the 'offspring'
are the same size and thus develops into an independent organism.
The offspring have exact copies of the parental genes - i.e. they are
clones (groups of offspring which are genetically identical to each other
and to the parent organism).
,As there is no mixing of genetic information there is no variation in the
offspring.
Involves only one parent and there are no sex cells (gametes) involved.
Describe sexual reproduction Ans✓✓✓ Involves the fusion of two sex
cells - gametes.
Is important because, when the sex cells fuse in fertilisation, the
mixture of genetic information from two parents causes variation in the
offspring.
Sexual reproduction involves two parents.
Provides lots of variation within a species, helping it to survive when
the environment changes.
Describe the following organs in the excretory system?
Ureters
Urethra
The Bowman's capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct Ans✓✓✓ Conduits that take urine from the kidney to
the bladder
Tube carries urine out from the bladder
partially surrounds the glomerulus where ultrafiltration occurs
reabsorbs glucose
Reabsorbs water and under ADH control
, Describe the trends found pyramids of biomass Ans✓✓✓ Energy and
biomass reduce as you move to the next trophic level in a food chain.
Usually there is less number of organisms as you go up, for example
100 carrots feed 10 rabbits, and the 10 rabbits feed only one fox; but
this is not always the case.
Sometimes the number increases when you move up, for example if
there are 500 fleas feeding on the fox.
Pyramids of biomass represent the food chain:
Each bar represents the biomass of all individuals at each trophic level
in the food chain.
Pyramids of biomass usually are a true pyramid shape (each level is
smaller than the one below it because the biomass reduces as we move
up).
Explain the general experimentation process of genetically
engineering? Ans✓✓✓ Determine the location of the wanted gene on
the chromosome.
The gene is cut out using restriction enzymes. This leaves the DNA with
so-called 'sticky ends'.
A loop of bacterial DNA called a plasmid is then prepared for the gene
to be inserted. The same restriction enzymes are used to cut open the
plasmid, leaving it with sticky ends too.
The gene is inserted in the plasmid which is also called a vector (a sort
of molecular lorry) that will carry the gene into cells of the new
organism.
