Summary of organic chemistry

Organic Chemistry - Basics Overview

1. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Organic chemistry is the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation

of carbon-containing compounds.



2. Classification of Organic Compounds

Highlighted Categories:

- Hydrocarbons (Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes)

- Haloalkanes & Haloarenes

- Alcohols, Phenols & Ethers

- Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids

- Amines



3. Functional Groups

Examples:

- Alcohol: Ethanol -> -OH

- Aldehyde: Formaldehyde -> -CHO

- Ketone: Acetone -> >C=O

- Carboxylic Acid: Acetic acid -> -COOH

- Amine: Methylamine -> -NH2



4. IUPAC Nomenclature Rules

Steps:

1. Identify the longest carbon chain.

2. Number the chain for the nearest substituent.