BRAIN FOR BPSC
What is the Brain?
The brain is the main organ of the nervous system.
It controls all body func ons, both voluntary (like walking, speaking) and involuntary
(like breathing, heartbeat).
It is located inside the skull, and protected by:
1. Cranium (skull bones) – gives hard protec on.
2. Meninges – three layers of membrane.
3. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) – fluid that cushions the brain.
Parts of the Brain and Their Func ons
1. Forebrain (Sabse aage wala hissa)
Main and biggest part of the brain.
Controls:
o Thinking, memory, intelligence, learning.
o Voluntary ac vi es like moving your hands or speaking.
Important parts:
Cerebrum – Largest part; divided into two halves (le and right); controls memory,
thinking, and voluntary ac ons.
Thalamus – Works like a relay sta on for informa on.
Hypothalamus – Controls hunger, thirst, body temperature, sleep, and emo ons. It
also controls the pituitary gland, which is the master gland for hormones.
2. Midbrain (Beech ka hissa)
Connects forebrain and hindbrain.
Controls reflexes related to eyes and ears.
Helps you react quickly to sound and light.
, 3. Hindbrain (Peeche ka hissa)
Controls basic life func ons that you do without thinking.
Main parts:
Cerebellum – Maintains body balance and coordina on. Eg: Helps you stand straight
and walk properly.
Pons – Controls breathing and connects different brain parts.
Medulla oblongata – Controls involuntary ac ons like:
o Breathing
o Heartbeat
o Diges on
o Sneezing, coughing
Lobes of Cerebrum (Forebrain Sec ons)
The cerebrum has 4 lobes, each with special func ons:
Lobe Func on
Frontal Thinking, decision making, speech
Parietal Touch, pressure, pain, temperature
Temporal Hearing and memory
Occipital Vision (what you see)
What are Reflex Ac ons?
Automa c and fast ac ons that happen without thinking.
Eg: If you touch a hot object, your hand moves away quickly.
Controlled by spinal cord, not the brain.
Important Points to Remember for BPSC
Brain weight: ~1.3 to 1.4 kg
What is the Brain?
The brain is the main organ of the nervous system.
It controls all body func ons, both voluntary (like walking, speaking) and involuntary
(like breathing, heartbeat).
It is located inside the skull, and protected by:
1. Cranium (skull bones) – gives hard protec on.
2. Meninges – three layers of membrane.
3. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) – fluid that cushions the brain.
Parts of the Brain and Their Func ons
1. Forebrain (Sabse aage wala hissa)
Main and biggest part of the brain.
Controls:
o Thinking, memory, intelligence, learning.
o Voluntary ac vi es like moving your hands or speaking.
Important parts:
Cerebrum – Largest part; divided into two halves (le and right); controls memory,
thinking, and voluntary ac ons.
Thalamus – Works like a relay sta on for informa on.
Hypothalamus – Controls hunger, thirst, body temperature, sleep, and emo ons. It
also controls the pituitary gland, which is the master gland for hormones.
2. Midbrain (Beech ka hissa)
Connects forebrain and hindbrain.
Controls reflexes related to eyes and ears.
Helps you react quickly to sound and light.
, 3. Hindbrain (Peeche ka hissa)
Controls basic life func ons that you do without thinking.
Main parts:
Cerebellum – Maintains body balance and coordina on. Eg: Helps you stand straight
and walk properly.
Pons – Controls breathing and connects different brain parts.
Medulla oblongata – Controls involuntary ac ons like:
o Breathing
o Heartbeat
o Diges on
o Sneezing, coughing
Lobes of Cerebrum (Forebrain Sec ons)
The cerebrum has 4 lobes, each with special func ons:
Lobe Func on
Frontal Thinking, decision making, speech
Parietal Touch, pressure, pain, temperature
Temporal Hearing and memory
Occipital Vision (what you see)
What are Reflex Ac ons?
Automa c and fast ac ons that happen without thinking.
Eg: If you touch a hot object, your hand moves away quickly.
Controlled by spinal cord, not the brain.
Important Points to Remember for BPSC
Brain weight: ~1.3 to 1.4 kg
