THE ATLS EYE OPENER EXAM FEATURES A TOTAL OF
175 CORRECTLY ANSWERED QUESTIONS THAT HAVE
BEEN UPDATED TO THE MOST RECENT VERSION, WITH
AN A+ GRADE.
Which of the following methods for treating superficial frostbite
is advised?
A. Vasodilators
B. Anticigulants
C. Warm (40 degrees) water
D. Padding and elevation
E. Application of heat from a hairdryer
Which of the following physical characteristics points away from
spinal cord injury as a possible cause of hypotension?
A. Prispism
B. Bradycardia
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C. Diaphragmatic breathing
D. Presence of deep tendon reflexes
E. Ability to flex forearms but not extend them
The following is the main reason to move a patient to a trauma
center of higher level:
A. Unavailibility of surgeon or operating staff
B. Multiple system injuries, including severe head injury
C. Resource limitations as determined by the transferring doctor
D. Resource limitations as determined by the hospital administration
E. Widened mediastinum on chest x-ray following blunt trauma
A mid-abdomen rifle wound occurs to a young man. He is taken
by prehospital staff to the ED without delay. His systolic blood
pressure is 58 mmHg, and he has chilly, diaphoretic skin. He is
started on warmed crystalloid fluids, but his vital signs do not
improve. The most suitable next action is to carry out:
A. a laparotomy
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B. An abdominal CT-scan
C. Diagnostic laparoscopy
D. Abdominal ultrasonography
E. A diagnostic peritoneal lavage
Before help arrives, a 42-year-old man is stuck beneath his
wrecked tractor for many hours from the waist down. Right
before entering the emergency department, he is awake and
cognizant. He is unconscious now and only groans in response
to unpleasant stimuli. His pupils react to light symmetrically
and have a diameter of 3 mm. The patient has not moved
either of his lower extremities, according to prehospital staff.
During the ED examination, there is no evidence of movement
in his lower extremities, not even in reaction to painful stimuli.
This finding's most likely reason is:
A. An epidural hematoma
B. A pelvic fracture
C. Central cord syndrome
D. Intracerebral hemorrhage
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E. Bilateral compartment syndrome
A 6-year-old boy gets injured by a car and sent to the
emergency department. Despite being lethargic, he
deliberately avoids painful stimuli. His heart rate is 140 beats
per minute, his blood pressure is 90 mm Hg systolic, and his
respiration rate is 36 breaths per minute. For this patient, the
preferred venous access route is:
A. Percutaneous femoral vein cannulation
B. Cutdown on the saphenous vein at the ankle
C. Intraosseous catheter placement in the proximal tibia
D. Percutaneous peripheral veins in the upper extremities
E. Central venous access via the subclavian or internal jugular vein
Prehospital staff quickly transport a young man who has been
shot in the belly to the emergency department. He feels
disoriented and has chilly, diaphoretic skin. His femoral pulse is