PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 4 UTA (ACTUAL
2025) WITH QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
pituitary gland - <<<Answers>>>The endocrine system's
most influential gland. Under the influence of the
hypothalamus, the pituitary Is MASTER GLAND and
regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands. ACTH,
TSH and ADH important in this unit.
Decerebrate posturing - <<<Answers>>>Brain stem stroke
posturing in which the neck is extended with jaw clenched;
arms are pronated, extended, and close to the sides; legs are
extended straight out; more ominous sign of brain stem
damage. Most Severe.
Cerebellar CVA - <<<Answers>>>decreased balance,
asthenia, ataxia (disdiadocokinesia, dysmetria, dysnergia),
gait ataxia, hypotonia, decreased coordination, nausea,
decreased ability for postural adjustment, nystagmus,
intention/action tremor, rebound phenomenon (loss of check
reflex causing inability to stop movement when resistance is
eliminated), dysarthria (specifically scanning speech)
Cerebral CVA - <<<Answers>>>Unilateral changes due to
one of MCA occluded.
,Assess sensorimotor due to CN pressure and corticospinal
tracts. Assess specific function
Cerebral CVA assess - <<<Answers>>>CNS P:Eye dilatio/
light response, face drooping, tongue and shoulder control.
CRTSNL TRCTS P: bilateral uneveness/weakness motor
SPECIFIC FUNCTION: spatiality, speech, cognition, math,
reason, analyze
Left hemi specific function - <<<Answers>>>speech, math,
organization and reason/ analyze
Right hemi specific function - <<<Answers>>>Spatiallity,
Seat of insight- do they understand what is going on with dz,
music ability, creativity and facerecognition
DX of CVA - <<<Answers>>>act FAST
Face- smile (drooping unilateral)
Arms- lift them (bilateral/unilateral control)
Speech- simple sentence and can they say it
Time- If yes to any above call 911 now
, Hospitals use NIHSS scale
Interventions for CVA - <<<Answers>>>Oxygen, BP
management and monitor and control edema.
Determine stroke type
-hem: surgery fast
-isch: correct problem, may need clot busting drugs (within 3-
4.5 hours)
Alzheimers - <<<Answers>>>Familial and late onset
Due to mutation in amyloid gene leading to protein
aggregation and plaque formation.
causes nuerofibrillary tangles
leads to dementia and motor loss
Parkinsons - <<<Answers>>>Due to loss of dopamine
producing neurons in the brain. Less dopa means less motor
control EPS s/s
TX- anticholinergics and dope replacement drugs.
MS - <<<Answers>>>Fairly common autoimmune disorder
where immune system attacks myelin of neurons. Progressive
degenerative disease that can go through periods of remission
2025) WITH QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
pituitary gland - <<<Answers>>>The endocrine system's
most influential gland. Under the influence of the
hypothalamus, the pituitary Is MASTER GLAND and
regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands. ACTH,
TSH and ADH important in this unit.
Decerebrate posturing - <<<Answers>>>Brain stem stroke
posturing in which the neck is extended with jaw clenched;
arms are pronated, extended, and close to the sides; legs are
extended straight out; more ominous sign of brain stem
damage. Most Severe.
Cerebellar CVA - <<<Answers>>>decreased balance,
asthenia, ataxia (disdiadocokinesia, dysmetria, dysnergia),
gait ataxia, hypotonia, decreased coordination, nausea,
decreased ability for postural adjustment, nystagmus,
intention/action tremor, rebound phenomenon (loss of check
reflex causing inability to stop movement when resistance is
eliminated), dysarthria (specifically scanning speech)
Cerebral CVA - <<<Answers>>>Unilateral changes due to
one of MCA occluded.
,Assess sensorimotor due to CN pressure and corticospinal
tracts. Assess specific function
Cerebral CVA assess - <<<Answers>>>CNS P:Eye dilatio/
light response, face drooping, tongue and shoulder control.
CRTSNL TRCTS P: bilateral uneveness/weakness motor
SPECIFIC FUNCTION: spatiality, speech, cognition, math,
reason, analyze
Left hemi specific function - <<<Answers>>>speech, math,
organization and reason/ analyze
Right hemi specific function - <<<Answers>>>Spatiallity,
Seat of insight- do they understand what is going on with dz,
music ability, creativity and facerecognition
DX of CVA - <<<Answers>>>act FAST
Face- smile (drooping unilateral)
Arms- lift them (bilateral/unilateral control)
Speech- simple sentence and can they say it
Time- If yes to any above call 911 now
, Hospitals use NIHSS scale
Interventions for CVA - <<<Answers>>>Oxygen, BP
management and monitor and control edema.
Determine stroke type
-hem: surgery fast
-isch: correct problem, may need clot busting drugs (within 3-
4.5 hours)
Alzheimers - <<<Answers>>>Familial and late onset
Due to mutation in amyloid gene leading to protein
aggregation and plaque formation.
causes nuerofibrillary tangles
leads to dementia and motor loss
Parkinsons - <<<Answers>>>Due to loss of dopamine
producing neurons in the brain. Less dopa means less motor
control EPS s/s
TX- anticholinergics and dope replacement drugs.
MS - <<<Answers>>>Fairly common autoimmune disorder
where immune system attacks myelin of neurons. Progressive
degenerative disease that can go through periods of remission
