PENN FOSTER VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM |
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
Catecholamines such as epinephrine are used in veterinary
cardiology primarily for _____ ------Answers----Stimulation
of cardiac contraction in cardiac arrest
List five factors that may predispose the heart to arrhythmias
------Answers----Conditions that cause hypoxia, electrolyte
imbalances, increased levels of sensitivity to catecholamines,
certain drugs such as digitalis, barbiturates, others, and
cardiac trauma or disease.
List six categories of antiarrhythmic drugs and give an
example of each. ------Answers----Class IA- quinidine
Class IB- lidocaine
Class IC- flecainide
Class II- propranolol
Class III- bretylium
Class IV- diltiazem
List four vasodilator drugs and classify each as an arteriolar
dilator, venodilator, or mixed. ------Answers----Hydralazine-
arteriolar, nitroglycerin-venodilator, prozosin- combined,
enalapril- combined
,Why is Lasix sometimes called a loop diuretic? ------
Answers----it inhibits reabsorption of sodium in the loops of
Henle
The use of many diuretics can lead to a dangerous loss of
which electrolyte ____ ------Answers----Potassium
List five ancillary methods of treatment for cardiovascular
disease. ------Answers----Bronchodilation, oxygen therapy,
sedation, asprin, centesis
_____ is characterized by the rapid influx of sodium ions into
the cell through channels, the slower influx of calcium ions,
and the outflow of potassium ions ------Answers----
Depolarization
The amount of blood that the heart is capable of pumping her
minute is called _____ ------Answers----Cardiac output
_____ results when the pumping ability of the heart is impaired
to the extent that sodium and water are retained in an effort to
compensate for inadequate cardiac output. ------Answers----
Congestive Heart Failure
ACE causes the conversion of ______ to ______. ------Answers-
---angiotensin I to angiotensin II
,Nitroglycerin is supplied as an ointment. List the precautions
that should be taken when applying. ------Answers----Wear
gloves, rotate application sites, do not pet the animal at the
application site, measure dosage in inches, contact vet if rash
appears on application site
What diuretic is used most commonly in the treatment of heart
failure? ------Answers----Lasix (furosemide)
What is hypokalemia? ------Answers----abnormally low
potassium levels in the blood
What are the primary goals of the dietary management of
heart disease? ------Answers----Sodium restriction and
maintenance of good body weight and condition.
List three effects of administration of catecholamines. ------
Answers----increased force of contraction, inscrease in blood
preasure, elvated glucose levels
The heart is a ____ chambered pump that is responsible for
moving blood through the vascular system ------Answers----
Four
_____ is a faster-than-normal heart rate ------Answers----
tachycardia
, When situations cause spontaneous depolarization of cardia
muscles or abnormalities of the conduction system, _____ may
occur ------Answers----Arrhythmia
List the ways by which the cardiovascular system may
increase its output during times of need, such as during
athletic performance or to compensate for cardiac disease. ---
---Answers----Increasing stroke volume, increasing
efficiency of the heart muscle, physiologic heart enlargement
CHS is associated with all of the following except:
a. Exercise intolerance
b. pulmonary edema
c.ascites
d. diaphragmatic hernia. ------Answers----Diaphragmatic
hernia
Digitalis is a (an) ________________. It is obtained from the dried
leaves of the plant Digitalis purpurea. ------Answers----
Cardiac glycoside
Quinidine is an alkaloid that is obtained from cinchona plants
or is prepared from quinine. It is used to treat ventricular
arrhythmias, ventricular tachycardia, and atrial fibrillation.
Quinidine doses must be _____ in patients who are being
treated concurrently with digoxin. ------Answers----
decreased
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
Catecholamines such as epinephrine are used in veterinary
cardiology primarily for _____ ------Answers----Stimulation
of cardiac contraction in cardiac arrest
List five factors that may predispose the heart to arrhythmias
------Answers----Conditions that cause hypoxia, electrolyte
imbalances, increased levels of sensitivity to catecholamines,
certain drugs such as digitalis, barbiturates, others, and
cardiac trauma or disease.
List six categories of antiarrhythmic drugs and give an
example of each. ------Answers----Class IA- quinidine
Class IB- lidocaine
Class IC- flecainide
Class II- propranolol
Class III- bretylium
Class IV- diltiazem
List four vasodilator drugs and classify each as an arteriolar
dilator, venodilator, or mixed. ------Answers----Hydralazine-
arteriolar, nitroglycerin-venodilator, prozosin- combined,
enalapril- combined
,Why is Lasix sometimes called a loop diuretic? ------
Answers----it inhibits reabsorption of sodium in the loops of
Henle
The use of many diuretics can lead to a dangerous loss of
which electrolyte ____ ------Answers----Potassium
List five ancillary methods of treatment for cardiovascular
disease. ------Answers----Bronchodilation, oxygen therapy,
sedation, asprin, centesis
_____ is characterized by the rapid influx of sodium ions into
the cell through channels, the slower influx of calcium ions,
and the outflow of potassium ions ------Answers----
Depolarization
The amount of blood that the heart is capable of pumping her
minute is called _____ ------Answers----Cardiac output
_____ results when the pumping ability of the heart is impaired
to the extent that sodium and water are retained in an effort to
compensate for inadequate cardiac output. ------Answers----
Congestive Heart Failure
ACE causes the conversion of ______ to ______. ------Answers-
---angiotensin I to angiotensin II
,Nitroglycerin is supplied as an ointment. List the precautions
that should be taken when applying. ------Answers----Wear
gloves, rotate application sites, do not pet the animal at the
application site, measure dosage in inches, contact vet if rash
appears on application site
What diuretic is used most commonly in the treatment of heart
failure? ------Answers----Lasix (furosemide)
What is hypokalemia? ------Answers----abnormally low
potassium levels in the blood
What are the primary goals of the dietary management of
heart disease? ------Answers----Sodium restriction and
maintenance of good body weight and condition.
List three effects of administration of catecholamines. ------
Answers----increased force of contraction, inscrease in blood
preasure, elvated glucose levels
The heart is a ____ chambered pump that is responsible for
moving blood through the vascular system ------Answers----
Four
_____ is a faster-than-normal heart rate ------Answers----
tachycardia
, When situations cause spontaneous depolarization of cardia
muscles or abnormalities of the conduction system, _____ may
occur ------Answers----Arrhythmia
List the ways by which the cardiovascular system may
increase its output during times of need, such as during
athletic performance or to compensate for cardiac disease. ---
---Answers----Increasing stroke volume, increasing
efficiency of the heart muscle, physiologic heart enlargement
CHS is associated with all of the following except:
a. Exercise intolerance
b. pulmonary edema
c.ascites
d. diaphragmatic hernia. ------Answers----Diaphragmatic
hernia
Digitalis is a (an) ________________. It is obtained from the dried
leaves of the plant Digitalis purpurea. ------Answers----
Cardiac glycoside
Quinidine is an alkaloid that is obtained from cinchona plants
or is prepared from quinine. It is used to treat ventricular
arrhythmias, ventricular tachycardia, and atrial fibrillation.
Quinidine doses must be _____ in patients who are being
treated concurrently with digoxin. ------Answers----
decreased
