PENN FOSTER VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY FINAL
EXAM LATEST EXAM | ALL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS | VERIFIED ANSWERS | GRADED
A+
Describe how drugs affect the nervous system - ANSWERDrugs affect the nervous
system by acting at the synaptic junctions to promote neurotransmitter's activity, mimic
their actions, or block them from acting.
Identify examples of respiratory drugs - ANSWERExpectorants, mucolytics,
antitussives, bronchodilators, decongestants
List which drugs are used to relieve pain and inflammation - ANSWERNSAIDs, Opioids,
Antihistamines, muscle relaxers, steroids, nerve blocks
Summarize the difference between ophthalmic and otic drugs - ANSWEROphthalmic
drugs are used for the eyes
Otic drugs are used for the ears
Describe how antiparasitic drugs work - ANSWERAntiparasitic drugs work by destroying
parasites or inhibiting their growth. Most work by interfering with the parasite's nervous
system to prevent them from moving.
Agonist - ANSWERDrug that has affinity for a receptor/stimulates receptor into action
Contraindications - ANSWERA reason not to use a drug in a particular situation
Efficacy - ANSWERthe degree to which a drug produces its desired response.
Over-The-Counter (OTC) drug - ANSWEROne that may be purchased without
prescription from a veterinarian
Prescription Drug - ANSWEROne that must be used under the supervision of a
veterinarina
Receptor - ANSWERa group of specialized molecules on or in a cell that bind with a
drug to produce an effect
Therapeutic Index - ANSWERexpresses the relationship between a drug's therapeutic
and harmful effects
Withdrawl Time - ANSWERAmount of time that must elapse between the end of drug
therapy and elimination of that drug from patients tissues or products
,Veterinarian-client-patient relationship - ANSWERRelationship that must exist between
the vet, the patient, and the owner before prescription drugs can be dispensed.
List 4 sources of drugs used in Vet Med - ANSWERAnimal product, plant material,
minerals, synthetic products
What are 4 components of a drug regimen? - ANSWERDose, route, frequency, and
duration of administration.
Discuss the conditions that must be met before a valid veterinarian-client-patient
relationship can be shown to exist - ANSWER1. Vet must assume responsibility for
making clinical judgments in relation to health of the animal.
2. Vet must have recently seen the animal and be acquainted with it's care.
3.Vet must be available for follow-up care of the animal
List 11 possible routes for administering a drug to a patient. - ANSWEROral,
subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intraarterial, intracardiac,
intramedullary, inhalation, topical, intradermal
List some of the factors that influence drug absorption - ANSWERMethod of absorption,
pH of the drug and ionization status, absorptive surface area, blood supply to area,
solubility of drug, dosage form, status of GI tract, and interactions with other drugs
Most biotransformation occurs in the_____ - ANSWERLiver
Most drug excretion occurs via the ______ - ANSWERKidneys
Drugs usually produce their effects by combining with specific cellular_____ -
ANSWERReceptors
The drug name chosen by the manufacturer and is exclusive property of that company
is called - ANSWERTrade/Proprietary Name
What are the 6 items that must be included on drug label? - ANSWERnames (generic
and trade) concentration, quantity, name and address of manufacturer, control or lot
number, expiration date
What are three government agencies that regulate the development, approval, and use
of animal health products? - ANSWERFDA, EPA, USDA
Why do many vet clinics dispense rather than prescribe most of the drugs that they
use? - ANSWERProfit earned from selling products
Describe the marketing of animal health products - ANSWERPurchased from
manufacturers, distributors, or generic mail order companies. May be sold only one
label to graduate veterinarians and under another as over-the-counter
,All FDA-approved veterinary drugs are listed in the publication entitled_____ -
ANSWERThe Green Book
What is the purpose of FARAD? - ANSWERProvides resources concerning the
avoidance of drug residues in animals
FARAD - ANSWERFood Animal Residue Avoidance Databank
Extralabel veterinary drug use was made legal (under prescribed circumstances) by
what act of congress? - ANSWERAnimal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act
(AMDUCA)
Compounding - ANSWERDiluting or combining existing drugs
What are potential dangers of residues in animal products - ANSWERMay cause
allergic reaction or neoplasia in people, may cause the development of antibiotic-
resistant strains of bacteria
List 3 classes of drug interactions - ANSWERPharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and
pharmaceutic
Drug interaction can be anticipated when two drugs are given that are both metabolized
by the_____ - ANSWERLiver
Ethical Product - ANSWERone sold only through veterinarians as a policy of the
manufacturer rather than by FDA requirement
Once a drug has been biotransformed, it is called a_____ - ANSWERMetabolite
A reason to use a drug is a(n)_____ - ANSWERIndication
Diagnostic method of choosing a drug is based on all of the following except
a. Practical experience
b. Assesment of the patient
c. Obtaining a history
d. Performing lab tests - ANSWERA. Practical experience.
Extralabel - ANSWERUsing a drug in a way not specified by the label
Complex sequence of events that occurs after a drug is administered is called____ -
ANSWERPharmacokinetics
Parenteral drugs are administered________ - ANSWERby injections.
, The body's ability to change a drug chemically from the form in which it was
administered into a form that can be eliminated from the body is called_____ -
ANSWERMetabolism (biotransformation)
Degree to which a drug produces its desired response in a patient is called________ -
ANSWERefficacy
An adverse drug reaction is always life-threatening. T/F? - ANSWERFalse
List the six practices recommended by the AVMA for the safe disposal of unwanted
drugs. - ANSWER1.Incinerate when possible
2.Send to landfill when incinerated
3.Never flush down drain or toilet
4.Maintain close inventory control
5.Follow state and federal guidelines
6.Educate clients on proper disposal techniques.
Name 4 common Drug Preparations - ANSWERDrugs for oral administration, drugs for
parenteral administration, drugs for inhalation, and drugs for topical use.
name two types of parenteral injection forms - ANSWERinjections, implants
Vials may be either ___ dose or ___ dose - ANSWERsingle-, multi-
All needles should be discarded in a _____ - ANSWERsharps container
Name the 6 rights of drug administration - ANSWERright patient
right drug
right dose
right route
right time and frequency
right documentation
Oral drugs should never be adminsitered in animals that are - ANSWERVomiting
Intravenous administration of drugs allows the most _____ and effective administration -
ANSWERRapid
An indwelling catheter should be replaced with a new one every ____ hours -
ANSWER72
A Simplex (gravity set) IV system is used to administer fluids to ____ animals -
ANSWERlarge
EXAM LATEST EXAM | ALL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS | VERIFIED ANSWERS | GRADED
A+
Describe how drugs affect the nervous system - ANSWERDrugs affect the nervous
system by acting at the synaptic junctions to promote neurotransmitter's activity, mimic
their actions, or block them from acting.
Identify examples of respiratory drugs - ANSWERExpectorants, mucolytics,
antitussives, bronchodilators, decongestants
List which drugs are used to relieve pain and inflammation - ANSWERNSAIDs, Opioids,
Antihistamines, muscle relaxers, steroids, nerve blocks
Summarize the difference between ophthalmic and otic drugs - ANSWEROphthalmic
drugs are used for the eyes
Otic drugs are used for the ears
Describe how antiparasitic drugs work - ANSWERAntiparasitic drugs work by destroying
parasites or inhibiting their growth. Most work by interfering with the parasite's nervous
system to prevent them from moving.
Agonist - ANSWERDrug that has affinity for a receptor/stimulates receptor into action
Contraindications - ANSWERA reason not to use a drug in a particular situation
Efficacy - ANSWERthe degree to which a drug produces its desired response.
Over-The-Counter (OTC) drug - ANSWEROne that may be purchased without
prescription from a veterinarian
Prescription Drug - ANSWEROne that must be used under the supervision of a
veterinarina
Receptor - ANSWERa group of specialized molecules on or in a cell that bind with a
drug to produce an effect
Therapeutic Index - ANSWERexpresses the relationship between a drug's therapeutic
and harmful effects
Withdrawl Time - ANSWERAmount of time that must elapse between the end of drug
therapy and elimination of that drug from patients tissues or products
,Veterinarian-client-patient relationship - ANSWERRelationship that must exist between
the vet, the patient, and the owner before prescription drugs can be dispensed.
List 4 sources of drugs used in Vet Med - ANSWERAnimal product, plant material,
minerals, synthetic products
What are 4 components of a drug regimen? - ANSWERDose, route, frequency, and
duration of administration.
Discuss the conditions that must be met before a valid veterinarian-client-patient
relationship can be shown to exist - ANSWER1. Vet must assume responsibility for
making clinical judgments in relation to health of the animal.
2. Vet must have recently seen the animal and be acquainted with it's care.
3.Vet must be available for follow-up care of the animal
List 11 possible routes for administering a drug to a patient. - ANSWEROral,
subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intraarterial, intracardiac,
intramedullary, inhalation, topical, intradermal
List some of the factors that influence drug absorption - ANSWERMethod of absorption,
pH of the drug and ionization status, absorptive surface area, blood supply to area,
solubility of drug, dosage form, status of GI tract, and interactions with other drugs
Most biotransformation occurs in the_____ - ANSWERLiver
Most drug excretion occurs via the ______ - ANSWERKidneys
Drugs usually produce their effects by combining with specific cellular_____ -
ANSWERReceptors
The drug name chosen by the manufacturer and is exclusive property of that company
is called - ANSWERTrade/Proprietary Name
What are the 6 items that must be included on drug label? - ANSWERnames (generic
and trade) concentration, quantity, name and address of manufacturer, control or lot
number, expiration date
What are three government agencies that regulate the development, approval, and use
of animal health products? - ANSWERFDA, EPA, USDA
Why do many vet clinics dispense rather than prescribe most of the drugs that they
use? - ANSWERProfit earned from selling products
Describe the marketing of animal health products - ANSWERPurchased from
manufacturers, distributors, or generic mail order companies. May be sold only one
label to graduate veterinarians and under another as over-the-counter
,All FDA-approved veterinary drugs are listed in the publication entitled_____ -
ANSWERThe Green Book
What is the purpose of FARAD? - ANSWERProvides resources concerning the
avoidance of drug residues in animals
FARAD - ANSWERFood Animal Residue Avoidance Databank
Extralabel veterinary drug use was made legal (under prescribed circumstances) by
what act of congress? - ANSWERAnimal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act
(AMDUCA)
Compounding - ANSWERDiluting or combining existing drugs
What are potential dangers of residues in animal products - ANSWERMay cause
allergic reaction or neoplasia in people, may cause the development of antibiotic-
resistant strains of bacteria
List 3 classes of drug interactions - ANSWERPharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and
pharmaceutic
Drug interaction can be anticipated when two drugs are given that are both metabolized
by the_____ - ANSWERLiver
Ethical Product - ANSWERone sold only through veterinarians as a policy of the
manufacturer rather than by FDA requirement
Once a drug has been biotransformed, it is called a_____ - ANSWERMetabolite
A reason to use a drug is a(n)_____ - ANSWERIndication
Diagnostic method of choosing a drug is based on all of the following except
a. Practical experience
b. Assesment of the patient
c. Obtaining a history
d. Performing lab tests - ANSWERA. Practical experience.
Extralabel - ANSWERUsing a drug in a way not specified by the label
Complex sequence of events that occurs after a drug is administered is called____ -
ANSWERPharmacokinetics
Parenteral drugs are administered________ - ANSWERby injections.
, The body's ability to change a drug chemically from the form in which it was
administered into a form that can be eliminated from the body is called_____ -
ANSWERMetabolism (biotransformation)
Degree to which a drug produces its desired response in a patient is called________ -
ANSWERefficacy
An adverse drug reaction is always life-threatening. T/F? - ANSWERFalse
List the six practices recommended by the AVMA for the safe disposal of unwanted
drugs. - ANSWER1.Incinerate when possible
2.Send to landfill when incinerated
3.Never flush down drain or toilet
4.Maintain close inventory control
5.Follow state and federal guidelines
6.Educate clients on proper disposal techniques.
Name 4 common Drug Preparations - ANSWERDrugs for oral administration, drugs for
parenteral administration, drugs for inhalation, and drugs for topical use.
name two types of parenteral injection forms - ANSWERinjections, implants
Vials may be either ___ dose or ___ dose - ANSWERsingle-, multi-
All needles should be discarded in a _____ - ANSWERsharps container
Name the 6 rights of drug administration - ANSWERright patient
right drug
right dose
right route
right time and frequency
right documentation
Oral drugs should never be adminsitered in animals that are - ANSWERVomiting
Intravenous administration of drugs allows the most _____ and effective administration -
ANSWERRapid
An indwelling catheter should be replaced with a new one every ____ hours -
ANSWER72
A Simplex (gravity set) IV system is used to administer fluids to ____ animals -
ANSWERlarge
