BIOLOGY PROCTORED EXAM PENN FOSTER 2024
ACTUAL EXAM/PENN FOSTER BIOLOGY
PROCTORED EXAM LATEST 200 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS(VERIFIED ANSWERS)|AGRADE
Characteristics of living things - ANSWER--All are composed of cells
-All obtain energy and use it to develop
-Can sense changes in the environment and adjust in response to change
-Exhibit modifications that represent adaptations to their environment
Levels of Biological Organization - ANSWER-atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system,
organism
How are organisms classified? - ANSWER-on the basis of their evolutionary/genetic relatedness
What is the scientific method? What is it's importance in biological sciences? - ANSWER-Process used to
validate observations while minimizing observer bias
It's goal is for research to be conduced in a fair, unbiased and repeatable manner. The best way to
discover how and why the world works
What is matter? - ANSWER-Anything that has mass and takes up space
What is an atom? - ANSWER-smallest unit of matter that retains all the chemical properties of an
element. They combine to form molecules which then form into a solid, gas or liquid
What is the structure of an atom? - ANSWER-Nucleus in the center that contains protons (positively
charged) and neutrons (no charge). The outermost region is called an electron shell that contain the
electrons (negatively charged)
What is an ionic bond? - ANSWER-A chemical bond that's formed when an atom transfers and electron
to another Atom
,What is a covalent bond? - ANSWER-Results when 2 atoms share electrons in order to have a completed
outer shell
What is a double covalent bond? - ANSWER-Occurs when 2 atoms share 2 pairs of electroms
In order to be an organic molecule it must contain what? - ANSWER-Carbon and hydrogen
What are the main groups of organic molecules that build cells and their parts? - ANSWER-
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acid
What are the properties of water? - ANSWER-Its attraction to polar molecules.
High-specific heat.
High heat of vaporization.
The lower density of ice.
High polarity.
Carbohydrates - ANSWER-Broken down to glucose to provide energy.
What are the different kinds of carbs? - ANSWER-Glucose= monosaccharide that serves as blood sugar
Sucrose= disaccharide which is table sugar
Polysaccharides= include starch, which stores energy in plants
Glycogen= stores energy in animals
Cellulose= makes up the structure of plant cell walls
Protein - ANSWER-macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the
body for growth and repair
Lipid - ANSWER-Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen.
Serve as a long term energy source
,Nucleic acid - ANSWER-macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
Form DNA which acts to store genetic information
What is the cell theory? - ANSWER-All living organisms are made up of cells
The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of all living organisms
All cells arise from pre-existing cells
Ribosome - ANSWER-Makes proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER-A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins
and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.
Smooth ER - ANSWER-Makes lipids
Rough ER - ANSWER-That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.
Golgi Apparatus - ANSWER-Sorts and packs protein into vesicles and transports them
Lysosome - ANSWER-Digests food, bacteria and worn out organelles
Vacuole - ANSWER-Stores food, enzymes and other material
Mitochondria - ANSWER-Powerhouse of the cell- produces energy for growth, development and
movement
Nucleus - ANSWER-A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and
reproduction
Cell wall - ANSWER-A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell
, Explain the process of diffusion: - ANSWER-Molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an
area of lower concentration until the concentration of molecules is the same at both sites
Explain the process of osmosis: - ANSWER-Water moves from areas of low solute concentration to areas
of high solute concentration
Describe a basic enzymatic reaction: - ANSWER-S+E= P+E
E represents the enzyme catalyzing the reaction
S is the substance being changed
P is the product of the reaction
What is an enzyme? - ANSWER-Catalysts that increase the speed of a chemical reaction without
undergoing any permanent chemical change
What is the process of photosynthesis? - ANSWER--The process in which the Sun's energy is converted
into chemical energy (occurs in chloroplasts).
-Carbon dioxide and water are added
-Sugar and oxygen are produced
What is cellular respiration? - ANSWER-Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy from food
in the presence of oxygen.
What is the cellular respiration equation? - ANSWER-6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
What is glycolysis? - ANSWER-"splitting sugars." yields two molecules of ATP.
What is Krebs cycle? - ANSWER-This term refers to a series of chemical reactions that involve the
complete oxidation of acetyl CoA and produce 2 mol of ATP (energy) along with hydrogen and carbon,
which combine with oxygen to form (H2O) and (CO2).
ACTUAL EXAM/PENN FOSTER BIOLOGY
PROCTORED EXAM LATEST 200 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS(VERIFIED ANSWERS)|AGRADE
Characteristics of living things - ANSWER--All are composed of cells
-All obtain energy and use it to develop
-Can sense changes in the environment and adjust in response to change
-Exhibit modifications that represent adaptations to their environment
Levels of Biological Organization - ANSWER-atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system,
organism
How are organisms classified? - ANSWER-on the basis of their evolutionary/genetic relatedness
What is the scientific method? What is it's importance in biological sciences? - ANSWER-Process used to
validate observations while minimizing observer bias
It's goal is for research to be conduced in a fair, unbiased and repeatable manner. The best way to
discover how and why the world works
What is matter? - ANSWER-Anything that has mass and takes up space
What is an atom? - ANSWER-smallest unit of matter that retains all the chemical properties of an
element. They combine to form molecules which then form into a solid, gas or liquid
What is the structure of an atom? - ANSWER-Nucleus in the center that contains protons (positively
charged) and neutrons (no charge). The outermost region is called an electron shell that contain the
electrons (negatively charged)
What is an ionic bond? - ANSWER-A chemical bond that's formed when an atom transfers and electron
to another Atom
,What is a covalent bond? - ANSWER-Results when 2 atoms share electrons in order to have a completed
outer shell
What is a double covalent bond? - ANSWER-Occurs when 2 atoms share 2 pairs of electroms
In order to be an organic molecule it must contain what? - ANSWER-Carbon and hydrogen
What are the main groups of organic molecules that build cells and their parts? - ANSWER-
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acid
What are the properties of water? - ANSWER-Its attraction to polar molecules.
High-specific heat.
High heat of vaporization.
The lower density of ice.
High polarity.
Carbohydrates - ANSWER-Broken down to glucose to provide energy.
What are the different kinds of carbs? - ANSWER-Glucose= monosaccharide that serves as blood sugar
Sucrose= disaccharide which is table sugar
Polysaccharides= include starch, which stores energy in plants
Glycogen= stores energy in animals
Cellulose= makes up the structure of plant cell walls
Protein - ANSWER-macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the
body for growth and repair
Lipid - ANSWER-Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen.
Serve as a long term energy source
,Nucleic acid - ANSWER-macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
Form DNA which acts to store genetic information
What is the cell theory? - ANSWER-All living organisms are made up of cells
The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of all living organisms
All cells arise from pre-existing cells
Ribosome - ANSWER-Makes proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER-A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins
and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.
Smooth ER - ANSWER-Makes lipids
Rough ER - ANSWER-That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.
Golgi Apparatus - ANSWER-Sorts and packs protein into vesicles and transports them
Lysosome - ANSWER-Digests food, bacteria and worn out organelles
Vacuole - ANSWER-Stores food, enzymes and other material
Mitochondria - ANSWER-Powerhouse of the cell- produces energy for growth, development and
movement
Nucleus - ANSWER-A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and
reproduction
Cell wall - ANSWER-A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell
, Explain the process of diffusion: - ANSWER-Molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an
area of lower concentration until the concentration of molecules is the same at both sites
Explain the process of osmosis: - ANSWER-Water moves from areas of low solute concentration to areas
of high solute concentration
Describe a basic enzymatic reaction: - ANSWER-S+E= P+E
E represents the enzyme catalyzing the reaction
S is the substance being changed
P is the product of the reaction
What is an enzyme? - ANSWER-Catalysts that increase the speed of a chemical reaction without
undergoing any permanent chemical change
What is the process of photosynthesis? - ANSWER--The process in which the Sun's energy is converted
into chemical energy (occurs in chloroplasts).
-Carbon dioxide and water are added
-Sugar and oxygen are produced
What is cellular respiration? - ANSWER-Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy from food
in the presence of oxygen.
What is the cellular respiration equation? - ANSWER-6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
What is glycolysis? - ANSWER-"splitting sugars." yields two molecules of ATP.
What is Krebs cycle? - ANSWER-This term refers to a series of chemical reactions that involve the
complete oxidation of acetyl CoA and produce 2 mol of ATP (energy) along with hydrogen and carbon,
which combine with oxygen to form (H2O) and (CO2).
