Final Exam - NUR2063 / NUR2063 Essentials of Pathophysiology Proctored Final Exam

1. Which of the following description most accurately define the endoplasmic reticulum of the eukaryotic cell The endoplasmic reticulum houses ribosomes, which aid in protein production. 2. Which of the following assessment findings indicates an alteration in hemostatic control mechanisms Fever 3. Clinical manifestation of fluid excess include which of the following Bounding Pulses and crackles in the lungs 4. A client admitted to the emergency room has had arterial blood gases drawn. Results show PH_7.21, PaCO2_61, Bicarbonate ion_24 and PaO2_85%. How does the nurse interpret this result? Respiratory Acidosis 5. Which of the following is a small protein released by virus infected cells to stop the replication of the virus? interferons 6. Which of the following types of immunoglobin is most prolific in number and is primarily responsible for providing defense against bacteria? IgG 7. The nurse would expect to see a positive Chvostek sign in which of the following clients A 24-year-old adult admitted for chronic alcohol abuse 8. The nurse know that an imbalance of which ion causes acid/base impairment? Hydrogen 9. Which is the first barrier encountered by microbes and pathogens that are attempting to invade the human body? Skin and Mucous membrane 10. Fluid excretion occurs by which of the following Urinating and sweating 11. Which chemical does the body releases during a stress response? Epinephrine 12. Intercellular fluid contains higher concentration of which of the following Potassium13. Which area of the body account for the highest loss of daily fluid? Urinary Tract. 14. Fluid volume deficits may result from which of the following? Vomiting and diarrhea. 15. Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of systemic inflammation? Fever 16. Which of the following is an example of passive immunity Placental Mon to baby transfer of influenza antibodies 17. A 20 years old male injures his hand with a nail gun while replacing roofing shingles. Which of the following cell types would be the first to aid in killing bacteria to prevent infection in his hand. Neutrophils 18. Which of the following is an example of passive immunity IgA antibodies transferred to newborn via breastmilk 19. You need to explain to a colleague what defines active immunity, which of the following statement is correct regarding active immunity? Active immunity comes from either an active infection or through immunization. 20. Which of the following immunoglobulins (Ig) mediate Type 1 hypersensitive reaction? IgE 21. All the following are potential complications that occur due to effects of chronic stress except which? Depression 22. Which of the following describes the role of neutrophil during inflammatory processes? They remove microbes and cellular debris through the process of phagocytosis. 23. Which of the following will be at greater risk for opportunistic infections? 24 years old who is immunocompromised? 25. Which of the following conditions is an example of Type IV hypersensitivity (delay) Mantoux Test (MT) 26 Which of the following describes what happens when calls metastasis? Cancer cells migrate to distant sites27. Which of the following are associated with the fight and flight response of a client )Select all that apply). Contracted pupil Dilated Pupil Increase heart rate Decreased hearth rate Decreased blood pressure Increased blood pressure 28. Which of the following effects does histamine, an inflammatory mediator have on the body? It causes the blood vessels to dilate (Vasodilation) 29. Which statement is true regarding osteoarthritis? It is an inflammatory disease. 30. Which statement is true regarding Scoliosis? Respiratory difficulties may result. 31. Which of the following condition is a progressive inflammatory disorder in which joints calcify and fuse together in the back and /or nearby areas? Ankylosing spondylitis 32. A child with a vitamin D deficiency and bowled appearance. Which information support diagnosis of which of the following? Rickets 33. A client recently suffered a femur fracture appears confused and begins to complain of shortness of breath. On assessment the clients found to have petechia on his head and chest. What does the nurse suspect the client is experiencing? fat embolism 34. An exaggerated concave curvature of the lumber spine is known as which of the following? Lordosis 35. Which of the following serves as a food source for lice, the organism responsible for pediculosis Blood 36. What happen to client with muscular dystrophy? muscular dystrophy progressive loss of muscle tissues37. Which of the following would be found in high concentration in the blood of client experiencing severe allergic reaction Basophils 38 Which of the following WBC is primarily responsible for the creation of antibodies B cells 39. Which of the following antibodies are found secretion such as tears sliver, and breastvMilk IgA 40. Which of the following are specialized cells that are associated with the adaptive immune response? lymphocytes. 41. which of the following disorder begin with inflammation and edema of the synovial membranes surrounding joint? Rheumatoid arthritis 42 Which of the following terms refers to an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissues Hyperplasia 43. Which of the following best describe the movement of water between the interstitial and intracellular compartment Osmosis 44. Which of the following would a client experience during the alarm phase of general adaptation syndrome (GAS)? Increased production of epinephrine 45. what Electrolytes imbalance would you see with muscle tetany, Positive Trousseau and positive Chvostek Calcium 46 A client presents with poison ivy on the extremities, face and buttom after initial exposure 48 hours ago. The condition is an example of which of the following? Delay hypersensitivity 47 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is aretrovirus that causes a deficiencies immune response. Which Acquired immunodeficiency sydronme (AIDs). Which of the following cells are invaded by HIV to cause this immunodeficiency. CD4+ (T Helper Cell)48. Which of the following describes the process of carcinogenesis? Initiation, Promotion, and progression 49. An athlete experience ankle swelling after a sprain. Which of the following is the direct cause of the clinical manifestation Production of bradykinin 50 Which of the following autoimmune disorder present with fever join pain malaise, weight loss, and characteristic with butterfly rash? Systemic lupus erythematosus 51. Which of the following hypersensitive reaction is characterized by the formation of immune complexes, which deposit in the blood vessels thought the body Type III 52. Which of the following describe the autoimmune condition of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Chronis inflammation of affected joints 54 An infant of Native American descent is born with a flat bluish gray patch on the lower back. The nurse identifies this birthmarks which of the following? Mongolian blue spots 55 Which of the following is a potential change to a skin mole. Papule or making that may indicate skin cancer has developed Asymmetry of the lesion 56 Which of the following is a known cause of pressure injuries? Prolonged mechanical pressure to a bony prominence 57. Which stage of pressure injury ulceration extended deep into the dermis ans underlying subcutaneous tissue, which may result in pain and tunneling of the ulcer Stage 3 58. Which of the following is used to screening breast cancer? Mammography 59. A woman who frequent the gym has developed a circular, erythematous itchy rash around her toes. Which of the following does the nurse suspect is the cause for the clinical manifestation? tinea fungi 60. Which of the following describes cachexia?Overall weight loss and weakness 61. One theory suggest that fibromyalgia is caused by oversenditivity to substance P. What does this cause Overactive pain response 62. The pathophysiology of gout is closely linked to the metabolism of which of the following? Purine 63. Which arthritic Musculoskeletal disorder is associated with localized joint pain deformity and inflammation along with systemic signs and symptoms of the inflammatory response? Rheumatoid arthritis 64. A 32 year old male was injured in a motor vehicle accident and confined to 3 weeks. During this time the size and strength of the muscle fibers decreases. This condition is referred to as which of the following? Muscle Atrophy 65 What is associated with psoriatic arthritis Psoriasis 66. Which of the following is a potential etiology of developmental hip dysplasia malformation of the acetabulum 67. An infection in a bone, which can lead to an abscess formation and sequestrum if not properly cared for is known as which of the following Osteomyelitis 68. What causes osteoporosis? imbalance of bone resorption and bone formation 69. A bone that is normally in contact with a joint but becomes separated from that joint causing loss of joint function is known as which of the following Dislocation 70. Albinism may result in lighter skin tones, eye color and hair color. Which of the following effects does lack of melanin production also have on the body Lightened patches of skin in areas in contact with sunlight 71. What causes osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease Progressive loss of joint function due to repetitive use72 Which of the following is the term used to describe abnormal new cellular growth Neoplasia 73. Which of the following hypersensitivity reaction involves development urticaria or hive type 1 74 Which of the following is the process of passively moving water from an area of lower particle concentration to an area of higher particle concentration Osmosis 75. Which of the following hypersensitive reaction is characterized by a cytotoxic destruction of cell complement antibodies or phagocytosis type II 76. Which of the following is a common laboratory test that can measure inflammation in a clinical setting Erythrocyte Sedimentation rate (ESR) 77. Latent curvature of the thoracic spine is known as which of the following? kyphosis 78. Which of the following clinical manifestations would be observed in a type I hypersentivity reaction? bronchospasm or hive nasal and bronchial congestion joint inflammation and pain inflamed and watery eye 79. The following are/is true about the role of tears, mucous, and saliva in our immune response against foreign antigens. They are part of our first line of defense They are part of our innate defenses 80. Oblique Fracture is diagonal line 81. Which of the following describes osteosarcoma tumor Extremely Malignant 82. An older client diagnosed with osteoporosis fell and fractured their leg at a location of preexisting abnormality. Which term describes the fracture?Pathologic Fracture 83. A client presents to the emergency department after sustaining burn injuries to her hand and forearms. Her skin appears red, swollen and there are numerous fluid-filled blisters present. Which of the following types of burn would be classified as? Second-degree burn 85. Chronic progressive inflammatory diseases of bone and joint caused by degenerative changes in the cartilage is known as which of the following? Osteoarthritis 86. Which of the following is part of the first line of defense against disease? Intact skin 87. Which of the following described the role of mast cells in the inflammatory process They release histamine, a potent vasodilator 88. Which of the following is a small protein released by viruse-infected cell to stop the replication of the virus Interferon 89 the laboratory analysis conducted on a client with acute onset fever and malaise reveals an elevation neutrophile count. The finding suggest that the problem is most likely due to which of the following? Bacterial Infection 90 When arterial blood pressure declines. The kidney secretes a hormone to increase blood pressure and peripheral resistance. What is this hormone called? Renin 91 Which of the following is the normal range for serum potassium 3.5_ 5 mEq/L 92. Which of the following is true about hyponatremia? It is potentially fatal due to swelling in the brain 93. Which of the following is a potential cause of metabolic alkalosis? Excessive vomiting 94. The renin angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) causes the release of many hormones including angiotensin I, angiotensin II, and aldosterone. Which of the following describes the collective effect of these hormones and RAAS? Vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure95. A 4 year old client experienced a superficial burn to her hand after touching a heated frying pan that had been left on the stove. Which of the following types of burns would this be classified as First degree burn 96. Which of the following condition is a example of a type II hypersensitivity Hemolytic disease of the newborn erythroblastosis fetalis 97. Extracellular fluid contain higher concentration of which of the following Sodium and chloride 98 The laboratory analysis conducted on a child with chronic nasal drainage reveals an elevated number of eosinophils on a white blood cell differential Based on this findings which of the following is most likely to cause the nasal drainage Allergies 99. What is the recommended age to begin screening of colon cancer 50 years old 100 Which of the following disorder is cause by an inherited genetic mutation which lowers the amount of collagen in the bone making brittle Osteogenesis imperfecta 101. Which of the following musculoskeletal disorder is classified as an autoimmune condition Rheumatoid arthritis. 102. A client who lives near the beach comes to the clinic with a mole that is asymmetrical, has border irregularity and circumference of 3 centimeter. Which of the following would most likely cause Skin cancer 103 A herniated dick is characterized by which of the following Weakness of skeletal muscles resulting from impaired nerve supply 104. What is a typical characteristic of the pain caused by osteoarthritis Increased with weight bearing and activity 105 Which of the following can be complication of bone fracture fat embolism compartment syndrome, Others are: shock, deep vein thrombosis, thromboembolism (pulmonary embolism), disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, and infection.106. Which of the following symptoms describe complications of compartment syndrome Pain and tissue damage 107. Children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) are at high risk of which of the following Bone fracture