Ortho NCLEX (2025) Actual Exam
Questions and Answers A+ Graded
A .retired .66- .year- .old .female .patient .is .being .evaluated .for .osteoporosis .as
.part .of .a .yearly .physical .exam. .The .patient .states .that .she .is .a .smoker,
.watches .television .for .most .of .the .day, .and .has .been .hospitalized .twice .with
.fractures .within .the .last .year. .Based .on .this .information, .the .nurse .suspects
.which .condition?
A.Low .bone .mass .leading .to .increased .bone .fragility
B.Degeneration .of .the .articular .cartilage
C.Recurrent .attacks .of .acute .arthritis
D.Personality .changes .caused .by .chronic .nature .of .illness .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-A. .Low .bone .mass .leading .to .increased .bone .fragility
'
Low .bone .mass, .structural .deterioration .of .bone .tissue .leading .to .bone .fragility,
.and .increased .susceptibility .to .fractures .are .seen .with .osteoporosis. .The
.patient .also .has .risk .factors .associated .with .osteoporosis: .smoking, .sedentary
.lifestyle, .and .being .female .and .menopausal. .Degenerative .changes .are
.associated .with .frequent .exacerbations .of .arthritis. .There .is .no .indication .of
.personality .change .in .this .patient.
The .nurse .determines .that .a .55- .year-old .female .patient .is .experiencing
.menopause .and .is .also .at .risk .for .osteoporosis. .What .foods .other .than .milk
.can .the .nurse .suggest .to .this .patient .to .increase .calcium .intake?
A. .Seafood, .wheat, .corn, .green .vegetables
B. .Chicken .vegetables, .green .vegetables, .pasta, .broccoli
C. .Green .vegetables, .sardines, .salmon .with .bone, .molasses
D. .Fresh .fruits, .English .muffins, .black .beans, .asparagus .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Answer .C .is .correct. .Women .of .menopausal .age .are .at .risk .for .osteoporosis,
.and .foods .high .in .calcium .should .be .encouraged. .A .diet .with .green .vegetables,
.sardines, .salmon .with .bone, .and .molasses .provides .high- .quality .calcium .and
.is .recommended .for .a .patient .experiencing .menopause .in .order .to .decrease
.the .risk .of .osteoporosis. .A .diet .with .seafood, .wheat, .corn, .and .green
.vegetables .is .more .concentrated .in .carbohydrates .than .proteins .containing
.more .calcium. .A .diet .with .chicken, .green .vegetables, .sardines, .and .broccoli
.contains .some .calcium .but .is .lower .than .the .other .option. .Foods .such .as .fresh
.fruits, .English .muffins, .black .beans, .and .asparagus .are .inadequate .in .calcium.
, A .patient .with .osteoporosis .has .been .advised .to .increase .the .amount .of
.calcium .in .her .diet. .Which .food .provides .the .most .calcium?
An .8- .oz .glass .of .milk
An .ounce .of .cheddar .cheese
A .half .cup .of .raw .broccoli
A .4- .ounce .salmon .croquette .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Answer .A .is .correct. .An .8-
ounce .glass .of .milk .contains .290mg .of .calcium. .Answers .B, .C, .and .D .contain
.lesser .amounts; .therefore, .they .are .incorrect. .(Note: .An .ounce .of .cheddar
.cheese .contains .205 .mg .of .calcium; .half .a .cup .of .raw .broccoli .contains .175mg
.of .calcium; .and .4 .ounces .of .salmon .croquette .contains .165 .mg .of .calcium).
Which .of .the .following .instructions .should .be .included .for .the .patient .taking
.calcium .supplements?
A.The .patient .should .take .her .calcium .with .meals
B.The .patient .should .take .all .her .daily .calcium .supplements .at .one .time
C.The .patient .should .take .her .calcium .supplement .after .meals .to .prevent
.stomach .upset
D.The .patient .can .use .calcium- .based .antacids .for .supplement. .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-Rationale: .Answer .D .is .correct. .Many .people .prefer .to .supplement
.their .calcium .intake .with .calcium- .based .antacids. .If .calcium .supplements .are
.used, .they .should .be .administered .30 .minutes .before .meals .to .maximize
.absorption, .so .answer .A .is .wrong. .Calcium .absorption .is .better .if .it .is
.administered .throughout .the .day .rather .than .in .a .single .dose, .making .answer .B
.wrong. .Calcium .supplements .do .not .cause .stomach .upset, .so .answer .C .is
.wrong.
Alendronate .(Fosamax) .is .ordered .for .a .patient .with .osteoporosis. .Which
.information .should .the .nurse .teach .the .patient .about .the .medication?
A. .Acts .as .a .selective .estrogen .receptor .modulator
B. .Reduces .risk .of .invasive .breast .cancer
C. .May .be .obtained .as .a .nasal .spray
D. .Inhibits .bone .resorption .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Alendronate .(Fosamax), .a
.bisphosphonate, .is .a .potent .inhibitor .of .bone .resorption .that .preserves .bone
.mass .and .increases .bone .density. .Raloxifene .(Evista) .is .an .example .of .a
.selective .estrogen .receptor .modulator .that .is .used .to .treat .osteoporosis, .and
.which .also .reduces .the .risk .of .invasive .breast .cancer. .Calcitonin .(Miacalcin) .is
.dispensed .as .a .nasal .spray.
The .nurse .is .caring .for .a .patient .with .osteoporosis .who .is .being .discharged .on
.alendronate .(Fosamax). .Which .statement .would .indicate .effective .teaching?
A. ."I .should .take .the .medication .immediately .before .bed"
B. ."I .should .remain .in .an .upright .position .for .30 .minutes .after .taking .the
.medication"
C. ."The .medication .is .more .effective .if .I .take .it .with .milk .or .dairy .products"
D. .If .I .skip .a .dose, .I .can .take .two .tablets .the .next .time" .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Answer: .B- .Rationale .should .remain .upright .for .30 .mins.
How .long .does .a .patient .taking .bisphosphonates .need .to .stay .upright .after
.administration?
Questions and Answers A+ Graded
A .retired .66- .year- .old .female .patient .is .being .evaluated .for .osteoporosis .as
.part .of .a .yearly .physical .exam. .The .patient .states .that .she .is .a .smoker,
.watches .television .for .most .of .the .day, .and .has .been .hospitalized .twice .with
.fractures .within .the .last .year. .Based .on .this .information, .the .nurse .suspects
.which .condition?
A.Low .bone .mass .leading .to .increased .bone .fragility
B.Degeneration .of .the .articular .cartilage
C.Recurrent .attacks .of .acute .arthritis
D.Personality .changes .caused .by .chronic .nature .of .illness .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-A. .Low .bone .mass .leading .to .increased .bone .fragility
'
Low .bone .mass, .structural .deterioration .of .bone .tissue .leading .to .bone .fragility,
.and .increased .susceptibility .to .fractures .are .seen .with .osteoporosis. .The
.patient .also .has .risk .factors .associated .with .osteoporosis: .smoking, .sedentary
.lifestyle, .and .being .female .and .menopausal. .Degenerative .changes .are
.associated .with .frequent .exacerbations .of .arthritis. .There .is .no .indication .of
.personality .change .in .this .patient.
The .nurse .determines .that .a .55- .year-old .female .patient .is .experiencing
.menopause .and .is .also .at .risk .for .osteoporosis. .What .foods .other .than .milk
.can .the .nurse .suggest .to .this .patient .to .increase .calcium .intake?
A. .Seafood, .wheat, .corn, .green .vegetables
B. .Chicken .vegetables, .green .vegetables, .pasta, .broccoli
C. .Green .vegetables, .sardines, .salmon .with .bone, .molasses
D. .Fresh .fruits, .English .muffins, .black .beans, .asparagus .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Answer .C .is .correct. .Women .of .menopausal .age .are .at .risk .for .osteoporosis,
.and .foods .high .in .calcium .should .be .encouraged. .A .diet .with .green .vegetables,
.sardines, .salmon .with .bone, .and .molasses .provides .high- .quality .calcium .and
.is .recommended .for .a .patient .experiencing .menopause .in .order .to .decrease
.the .risk .of .osteoporosis. .A .diet .with .seafood, .wheat, .corn, .and .green
.vegetables .is .more .concentrated .in .carbohydrates .than .proteins .containing
.more .calcium. .A .diet .with .chicken, .green .vegetables, .sardines, .and .broccoli
.contains .some .calcium .but .is .lower .than .the .other .option. .Foods .such .as .fresh
.fruits, .English .muffins, .black .beans, .and .asparagus .are .inadequate .in .calcium.
, A .patient .with .osteoporosis .has .been .advised .to .increase .the .amount .of
.calcium .in .her .diet. .Which .food .provides .the .most .calcium?
An .8- .oz .glass .of .milk
An .ounce .of .cheddar .cheese
A .half .cup .of .raw .broccoli
A .4- .ounce .salmon .croquette .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Answer .A .is .correct. .An .8-
ounce .glass .of .milk .contains .290mg .of .calcium. .Answers .B, .C, .and .D .contain
.lesser .amounts; .therefore, .they .are .incorrect. .(Note: .An .ounce .of .cheddar
.cheese .contains .205 .mg .of .calcium; .half .a .cup .of .raw .broccoli .contains .175mg
.of .calcium; .and .4 .ounces .of .salmon .croquette .contains .165 .mg .of .calcium).
Which .of .the .following .instructions .should .be .included .for .the .patient .taking
.calcium .supplements?
A.The .patient .should .take .her .calcium .with .meals
B.The .patient .should .take .all .her .daily .calcium .supplements .at .one .time
C.The .patient .should .take .her .calcium .supplement .after .meals .to .prevent
.stomach .upset
D.The .patient .can .use .calcium- .based .antacids .for .supplement. .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-Rationale: .Answer .D .is .correct. .Many .people .prefer .to .supplement
.their .calcium .intake .with .calcium- .based .antacids. .If .calcium .supplements .are
.used, .they .should .be .administered .30 .minutes .before .meals .to .maximize
.absorption, .so .answer .A .is .wrong. .Calcium .absorption .is .better .if .it .is
.administered .throughout .the .day .rather .than .in .a .single .dose, .making .answer .B
.wrong. .Calcium .supplements .do .not .cause .stomach .upset, .so .answer .C .is
.wrong.
Alendronate .(Fosamax) .is .ordered .for .a .patient .with .osteoporosis. .Which
.information .should .the .nurse .teach .the .patient .about .the .medication?
A. .Acts .as .a .selective .estrogen .receptor .modulator
B. .Reduces .risk .of .invasive .breast .cancer
C. .May .be .obtained .as .a .nasal .spray
D. .Inhibits .bone .resorption .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Alendronate .(Fosamax), .a
.bisphosphonate, .is .a .potent .inhibitor .of .bone .resorption .that .preserves .bone
.mass .and .increases .bone .density. .Raloxifene .(Evista) .is .an .example .of .a
.selective .estrogen .receptor .modulator .that .is .used .to .treat .osteoporosis, .and
.which .also .reduces .the .risk .of .invasive .breast .cancer. .Calcitonin .(Miacalcin) .is
.dispensed .as .a .nasal .spray.
The .nurse .is .caring .for .a .patient .with .osteoporosis .who .is .being .discharged .on
.alendronate .(Fosamax). .Which .statement .would .indicate .effective .teaching?
A. ."I .should .take .the .medication .immediately .before .bed"
B. ."I .should .remain .in .an .upright .position .for .30 .minutes .after .taking .the
.medication"
C. ."The .medication .is .more .effective .if .I .take .it .with .milk .or .dairy .products"
D. .If .I .skip .a .dose, .I .can .take .two .tablets .the .next .time" .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Answer: .B- .Rationale .should .remain .upright .for .30 .mins.
How .long .does .a .patient .taking .bisphosphonates .need .to .stay .upright .after
.administration?
