NURS 4516 (2025) Actual Exam Questions and
Answers A+ Graded
.
1. What .are .the .themes .emerged .from .nursing .students .perspective .in .the
.article .titled ."nursing .students .and .faculty .narratives .during .covid-19 .pandem-
.ic: .challenges .and .recommendations .from .a .Canadian .perspective: .4 .themes
.emerged .from .nursing .students .perspective
- fear .and .anxiety
- impact .on .students .learning .environment
- intrinsic .and .extrinsic .factors .that .enable .perseverance
- strategies .to .deal .with .future .pandemics
2. What .are .the .themes .emerged .from .nursing .faculty .perspective .in .the .article
.titled ."nursing .students .and .faculty .narratives .during .covid-19 .pandemic:
.challenges .and .recommendations .from .a .Canadian .perspective: .3 .themes
.emerged .from .nursing .faculty
- importance .of .preparatory .work
- psychological .and .physical .manifestations .of .stress .as .a .result .of .supporting
.students
- resilience .of .students .and .faculty
3. What .are .the .examples .of .nurses .being .portrayed .as .heroes .in .public .sphere
?: .The .nurse .hero .discourse .has .found .public .expression .through .community .per-
.formances .(ex: .singing .from .balconies), .corporate .visibility .(ex: .TV .commercials),
.governmental .displays .(ex: .military .tributes)
4. In .the ."nurse .as .a .hero" .article, .what .does .the .post-structural .discourse
.analysis .examine?: .It .examines .reg .political, .social, .cultural, .and .professional
.impact .of .this .discourse .on .nursing .work.
5. In .the ."nurse .as .a .hero" .article, .what .is .the .objective .of .the .analysis .of .the
.media .presenting .nurses .as .heroes?: .The .objective .of .post .structural .discourse
.analysis .of .the .media .is .to .draw .attention .to .the .effects .of .the .nurse .as .a .hero
.discourse .on .nurses .who .are .contending .with .the .ongoing .COVID-19 .crisis .and
.examine .the .political, .social, .cultural, .and .professional .impact .of .this .discourse .on
.nursing .work
6. What .kind .of .analysis .was .used .in .the ."nurse .as .a .hero" .article .to .achieve
.its .intended .objective: .A .poststructural .analysis .was .used, .which .is .a .branch .of
,.French .philosophy .concerned .with .the .politics .of .knowledge .and .power..In .particular,
.Foucault .notion .of .discourse, .truth, .power, .knowledge .subjectivity, .and .normalization
.was .used .in .the .analysis. .Performative .allyship .was .also .used, .which .is .the .notion
.where .non .marginalized .groups .professing .support .and .solidarity .with .a .marginal-
.ized .group, .in .a .way .that .is .not .helpful
7. Performative .Allyship .during .covid: .When .non .marginalized .groups .professing
.support .and .solidarity .with .a .marginalized .group, .in .a .way .that .is .not .helpful. .Exam-
.ples .of .this .were .seen .during .covid. .The .authors .highlighted .the .use .of .allyship .as .a
,public .relations .strategy .to .appear .sympathetic .to .the .plight .of .front-line .healthcare
.staff, .as .a .marketing .strategy .to .align .one's .brand .with .a .moral .identity, .and .as
a .performative .exercise .that .provided .an .accessible .outlet .for .public .participation.
.In .many .cases, .the .hero .discourse .provides .a .public .face .to .conceal .the .eroding
.conditions .of .nursing .work .and .to .justify .further .cuts .to .staffing, .pay .raises, .and
.clinical .resources .in .an .economic .downturn. .The .nurse .as .hero .discourse .may
.function .to .preserve .and .extend .existing .power .relations .that .limit .nurses .such .as
.racism, .gender .discrimination, .austerity .measures, .and .managerialism
8. what .are .the .intrinsic .factors .that .enhanced .nursing .students .resilience: .-
nursing .passion, .self .care, .and .a .sense .of .purpose
9. what .are .the .extrinsic .factors .that .enhanced .nursing .students .resilience: .-
.positive .extrinsic .factors .included .positive .orientation, .consistent .faculty .communi-
.cation, .supportive .preceptors, .social .networks, .and .strict .agency .protocols
10. what .were .the .three .main .findings .of .nurse .as .a .hero .paper?: .- .nurses .as .a
.necessary .sacrifice
- nurses .as .a .model .citizens
- heroism .itself .as .a .reward .for .nurses
11. was .the .hero .discourse .a .neutral .expression .of .appreciation .?: .the .hero
.discourse .was .not .a .neutral .expression .of .appreciation .and .sentimentality, .but .rather
.a .tool .employed .to .accomplish .multiple .aims .such .as .the .normalization .of .nurses'
.exposure .to .risk, .the .enforcement .of .model .citizenship, .and .the .preservation .of
.exiting .power .relationships .that .limit .the .ability .of .front .line .nurses .to .determine .he
.conditions .of .their .work
12. what .are .the .rights .of .workers .in .in .Ontario .under .the .occupational .health
.and .safety .act: .- .the .right .to .know
- the .right .to .participate
- the .right .to .refuse .unsafe .work
13. do .nurses .have .the .right .to .refuse .work?: .ONA .members .right .to .refuse .work
.has .limitations .under .the .OSHA. .HCW .in .hospitals .and .LTC .have .limited .rights .to
.refuse .unsafe .work .while .those .who .work .in .community .sectors .do .not .have .the
.same .limitation .under .OHSA. .Nurses .have .limitations .to .refusing .work .however .not
.if .the .circumstances .that .they .refuse .are .inherent .in .the .workers' .work, .or .is .a .normal
.condition .in .the .worker's .employment. .the .nurse, .can .not .refuse .work .when .the
.refusal .would .directly .endanger .the .life, .health .and .safety .of .another .person.
14. when .can .HCW .refuse .work?: .when .protection, .and .appropriate .required
.equipment .are .not .available.
15. T/F .ONA .members .have .the .the .right .to .refuse .where .unsafe .conditions
.exist .and .they .are .properly .protected: .T
, 16. is .work .refusal .is .the .first .line .of .defense .against .unsafe .conditions?: .the
.first .line .of .defense .is .identifying .hazards .and .finding .solutions .to .implement .the
.hierarchy .of .controls. .being .proactive, .followed .by .refusal. .that .is .if .danger .is .not
.immediate
17. when .can .HCW .refuse .work: .Subject .to .the .restrictions .outlined .above, .an .ONA
.member .can .refuse .to .work .if .they .have .reason .to .believe .that:
• Workplace .violence .is .likely .to .endanger .the .worker.
• The .physical .condition .of .the .workplace .or .the .part .thereof .in .which .the .worker
.works .or .is .to .work .is .likely .to .endanger .the .worker.
OR .the .worker .has .reason .to .believe .that .the .worker .or .another .worker .is .likely .to
.be .endangered .by:
• Any .equipment, .machine, .device .or .thing .the .worker .is .to .use .or .operate.
OR .the .worker .has .reason .to .believe .that:
• Any .equipment, .machine, .device .or .thing .the .worker .is .to .use .or .operate, .or .the
.physical .condition .of .the .workplace .or .the .part .thereof .in .which .the .worker .works .or
.is .to .work .is .in .contravention .of .the .OHSA/Regulations .and .such .contravention .is
.likely .to .endanger .the .worker .or .another .worker
18. according .to .the .CNO, .when .can .nurses .withhold .services: .- .provide .an
.appropriate .rationale
- notify .the .employer .of .the .risk/protection .concern .when .infection .control .is .inade-
.quate
- hand .over .the .care .responsibilities .for .assigned .clients .to .the .supervisor
19. what .are .the .two .documents .that .outline .the .accountabilities .and .respon-
.sibilities .of .nurses .relevant .to .refusing .assignments .and .discontinuing .ser-
.vices?: .the .two .documents .are .professional .standards .and .ethics
20. T/F .refusing .to .work .extra .shift .or .overtime .is .considered .abandonment: .F
.refusing .to .work .an .extra .shift .or .overtime .is .not .abandonment
21. when .does .abandonment .occur: .abandonment .occurs .when .a .nurse .has
.accepted .an .assignment .and .discontinues .care .without:
- the .client .requesting .the .discontinuation
- arranging .a .suitable .alternative .or .replacement
- allowing .reasonable .opportunity .for .alternative .or .replacement .service .to .be .pro-
.vided
22. what .are .the .stages .that .nurses .should .take .to .resolve .a .dilemma .related
.to .conflicting .obligations: .1- .identify .the .issues, .values, .resources, .and .conflicting
.obligations
2- identify .the .options .and .develop .a .plan/approach
Answers A+ Graded
.
1. What .are .the .themes .emerged .from .nursing .students .perspective .in .the
.article .titled ."nursing .students .and .faculty .narratives .during .covid-19 .pandem-
.ic: .challenges .and .recommendations .from .a .Canadian .perspective: .4 .themes
.emerged .from .nursing .students .perspective
- fear .and .anxiety
- impact .on .students .learning .environment
- intrinsic .and .extrinsic .factors .that .enable .perseverance
- strategies .to .deal .with .future .pandemics
2. What .are .the .themes .emerged .from .nursing .faculty .perspective .in .the .article
.titled ."nursing .students .and .faculty .narratives .during .covid-19 .pandemic:
.challenges .and .recommendations .from .a .Canadian .perspective: .3 .themes
.emerged .from .nursing .faculty
- importance .of .preparatory .work
- psychological .and .physical .manifestations .of .stress .as .a .result .of .supporting
.students
- resilience .of .students .and .faculty
3. What .are .the .examples .of .nurses .being .portrayed .as .heroes .in .public .sphere
?: .The .nurse .hero .discourse .has .found .public .expression .through .community .per-
.formances .(ex: .singing .from .balconies), .corporate .visibility .(ex: .TV .commercials),
.governmental .displays .(ex: .military .tributes)
4. In .the ."nurse .as .a .hero" .article, .what .does .the .post-structural .discourse
.analysis .examine?: .It .examines .reg .political, .social, .cultural, .and .professional
.impact .of .this .discourse .on .nursing .work.
5. In .the ."nurse .as .a .hero" .article, .what .is .the .objective .of .the .analysis .of .the
.media .presenting .nurses .as .heroes?: .The .objective .of .post .structural .discourse
.analysis .of .the .media .is .to .draw .attention .to .the .effects .of .the .nurse .as .a .hero
.discourse .on .nurses .who .are .contending .with .the .ongoing .COVID-19 .crisis .and
.examine .the .political, .social, .cultural, .and .professional .impact .of .this .discourse .on
.nursing .work
6. What .kind .of .analysis .was .used .in .the ."nurse .as .a .hero" .article .to .achieve
.its .intended .objective: .A .poststructural .analysis .was .used, .which .is .a .branch .of
,.French .philosophy .concerned .with .the .politics .of .knowledge .and .power..In .particular,
.Foucault .notion .of .discourse, .truth, .power, .knowledge .subjectivity, .and .normalization
.was .used .in .the .analysis. .Performative .allyship .was .also .used, .which .is .the .notion
.where .non .marginalized .groups .professing .support .and .solidarity .with .a .marginal-
.ized .group, .in .a .way .that .is .not .helpful
7. Performative .Allyship .during .covid: .When .non .marginalized .groups .professing
.support .and .solidarity .with .a .marginalized .group, .in .a .way .that .is .not .helpful. .Exam-
.ples .of .this .were .seen .during .covid. .The .authors .highlighted .the .use .of .allyship .as .a
,public .relations .strategy .to .appear .sympathetic .to .the .plight .of .front-line .healthcare
.staff, .as .a .marketing .strategy .to .align .one's .brand .with .a .moral .identity, .and .as
a .performative .exercise .that .provided .an .accessible .outlet .for .public .participation.
.In .many .cases, .the .hero .discourse .provides .a .public .face .to .conceal .the .eroding
.conditions .of .nursing .work .and .to .justify .further .cuts .to .staffing, .pay .raises, .and
.clinical .resources .in .an .economic .downturn. .The .nurse .as .hero .discourse .may
.function .to .preserve .and .extend .existing .power .relations .that .limit .nurses .such .as
.racism, .gender .discrimination, .austerity .measures, .and .managerialism
8. what .are .the .intrinsic .factors .that .enhanced .nursing .students .resilience: .-
nursing .passion, .self .care, .and .a .sense .of .purpose
9. what .are .the .extrinsic .factors .that .enhanced .nursing .students .resilience: .-
.positive .extrinsic .factors .included .positive .orientation, .consistent .faculty .communi-
.cation, .supportive .preceptors, .social .networks, .and .strict .agency .protocols
10. what .were .the .three .main .findings .of .nurse .as .a .hero .paper?: .- .nurses .as .a
.necessary .sacrifice
- nurses .as .a .model .citizens
- heroism .itself .as .a .reward .for .nurses
11. was .the .hero .discourse .a .neutral .expression .of .appreciation .?: .the .hero
.discourse .was .not .a .neutral .expression .of .appreciation .and .sentimentality, .but .rather
.a .tool .employed .to .accomplish .multiple .aims .such .as .the .normalization .of .nurses'
.exposure .to .risk, .the .enforcement .of .model .citizenship, .and .the .preservation .of
.exiting .power .relationships .that .limit .the .ability .of .front .line .nurses .to .determine .he
.conditions .of .their .work
12. what .are .the .rights .of .workers .in .in .Ontario .under .the .occupational .health
.and .safety .act: .- .the .right .to .know
- the .right .to .participate
- the .right .to .refuse .unsafe .work
13. do .nurses .have .the .right .to .refuse .work?: .ONA .members .right .to .refuse .work
.has .limitations .under .the .OSHA. .HCW .in .hospitals .and .LTC .have .limited .rights .to
.refuse .unsafe .work .while .those .who .work .in .community .sectors .do .not .have .the
.same .limitation .under .OHSA. .Nurses .have .limitations .to .refusing .work .however .not
.if .the .circumstances .that .they .refuse .are .inherent .in .the .workers' .work, .or .is .a .normal
.condition .in .the .worker's .employment. .the .nurse, .can .not .refuse .work .when .the
.refusal .would .directly .endanger .the .life, .health .and .safety .of .another .person.
14. when .can .HCW .refuse .work?: .when .protection, .and .appropriate .required
.equipment .are .not .available.
15. T/F .ONA .members .have .the .the .right .to .refuse .where .unsafe .conditions
.exist .and .they .are .properly .protected: .T
, 16. is .work .refusal .is .the .first .line .of .defense .against .unsafe .conditions?: .the
.first .line .of .defense .is .identifying .hazards .and .finding .solutions .to .implement .the
.hierarchy .of .controls. .being .proactive, .followed .by .refusal. .that .is .if .danger .is .not
.immediate
17. when .can .HCW .refuse .work: .Subject .to .the .restrictions .outlined .above, .an .ONA
.member .can .refuse .to .work .if .they .have .reason .to .believe .that:
• Workplace .violence .is .likely .to .endanger .the .worker.
• The .physical .condition .of .the .workplace .or .the .part .thereof .in .which .the .worker
.works .or .is .to .work .is .likely .to .endanger .the .worker.
OR .the .worker .has .reason .to .believe .that .the .worker .or .another .worker .is .likely .to
.be .endangered .by:
• Any .equipment, .machine, .device .or .thing .the .worker .is .to .use .or .operate.
OR .the .worker .has .reason .to .believe .that:
• Any .equipment, .machine, .device .or .thing .the .worker .is .to .use .or .operate, .or .the
.physical .condition .of .the .workplace .or .the .part .thereof .in .which .the .worker .works .or
.is .to .work .is .in .contravention .of .the .OHSA/Regulations .and .such .contravention .is
.likely .to .endanger .the .worker .or .another .worker
18. according .to .the .CNO, .when .can .nurses .withhold .services: .- .provide .an
.appropriate .rationale
- notify .the .employer .of .the .risk/protection .concern .when .infection .control .is .inade-
.quate
- hand .over .the .care .responsibilities .for .assigned .clients .to .the .supervisor
19. what .are .the .two .documents .that .outline .the .accountabilities .and .respon-
.sibilities .of .nurses .relevant .to .refusing .assignments .and .discontinuing .ser-
.vices?: .the .two .documents .are .professional .standards .and .ethics
20. T/F .refusing .to .work .extra .shift .or .overtime .is .considered .abandonment: .F
.refusing .to .work .an .extra .shift .or .overtime .is .not .abandonment
21. when .does .abandonment .occur: .abandonment .occurs .when .a .nurse .has
.accepted .an .assignment .and .discontinues .care .without:
- the .client .requesting .the .discontinuation
- arranging .a .suitable .alternative .or .replacement
- allowing .reasonable .opportunity .for .alternative .or .replacement .service .to .be .pro-
.vided
22. what .are .the .stages .that .nurses .should .take .to .resolve .a .dilemma .related
.to .conflicting .obligations: .1- .identify .the .issues, .values, .resources, .and .conflicting
.obligations
2- identify .the .options .and .develop .a .plan/approach
