Spatial Analysis Exam 2 UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
descriptive statistics - CORRECT ANSWER - Summarizes and describes the main
features of a dataset, typically through measures of central tendency, dispersion, and distribution
shape.
central tendency measurements - CORRECT ANSWER - Describe the center of a dataset.
The three main measures are:
Mode: The most frequently occurring value.
Median: The middle value when data is ordered.
Mean: The average of all values.
Measures of Distribution Shape - CORRECT ANSWER - Describe the symmetry and
peakedness of a dataset, including skewness and kurtosis.
Measurements/Methods of Dispersion and Variability - CORRECT ANSWER - Quantify
how spread out the data points are. These include range, interquartile range, variance, standard
deviation, and coefficient of variation.
Nominal Data - CORRECT ANSWER - Categorical data with no intrinsic ordering.
Example: Colors (Red, Blue, Green) or Gender (Male, Female).
Normal Distribution - CORRECT ANSWER - A symmetric, bell-shaped distribution
where the mean, median, and mode are equal.
Example: Heights of people often follow a normal distribution.
Skewness of Data Distribution - CORRECT ANSWER - Measures the asymmetry of a
dataset.
, positively skewed distribution - CORRECT ANSWER - (right tailed): long tail on the
right, mean > median. Example: Income distribution
negatively skewed distribution - CORRECT ANSWER - (Left-tailed): Long tail on the
left, mean < median. Example: Test scores where most students score high.
outlier - CORRECT ANSWER - An extreme data point significantly different from others.
Example: In {1, 2, 2, 3, 100}, the outlier is 100.
bimodal - CORRECT ANSWER - A distribution with two peaks (modes).
Example: Test scores where two groups perform differently.
dispersion - CORRECT ANSWER - the spread of the data points in a dataset
range - CORRECT ANSWER - difference between the maximum and minimum values.
Example: In {2, 4, 10}, range = 10−2=8
interquartile range (IQR) - CORRECT ANSWER - The range between the first quartile
(Q1, 25th percentile) and third quartile (Q3, 75th percentile).
Formula: IQR=Q3−Q1
Example: If Q1 = 5 and Q3 = 15, then IQR = 10.
absolute average deviation - CORRECT ANSWER - The mean of the absolute differences
between data points and the mean.
variance* - CORRECT ANSWER - Measures the average squared deviation from the
mean.
*Example: For {2, 4, 6}, variance = 4
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
descriptive statistics - CORRECT ANSWER - Summarizes and describes the main
features of a dataset, typically through measures of central tendency, dispersion, and distribution
shape.
central tendency measurements - CORRECT ANSWER - Describe the center of a dataset.
The three main measures are:
Mode: The most frequently occurring value.
Median: The middle value when data is ordered.
Mean: The average of all values.
Measures of Distribution Shape - CORRECT ANSWER - Describe the symmetry and
peakedness of a dataset, including skewness and kurtosis.
Measurements/Methods of Dispersion and Variability - CORRECT ANSWER - Quantify
how spread out the data points are. These include range, interquartile range, variance, standard
deviation, and coefficient of variation.
Nominal Data - CORRECT ANSWER - Categorical data with no intrinsic ordering.
Example: Colors (Red, Blue, Green) or Gender (Male, Female).
Normal Distribution - CORRECT ANSWER - A symmetric, bell-shaped distribution
where the mean, median, and mode are equal.
Example: Heights of people often follow a normal distribution.
Skewness of Data Distribution - CORRECT ANSWER - Measures the asymmetry of a
dataset.
, positively skewed distribution - CORRECT ANSWER - (right tailed): long tail on the
right, mean > median. Example: Income distribution
negatively skewed distribution - CORRECT ANSWER - (Left-tailed): Long tail on the
left, mean < median. Example: Test scores where most students score high.
outlier - CORRECT ANSWER - An extreme data point significantly different from others.
Example: In {1, 2, 2, 3, 100}, the outlier is 100.
bimodal - CORRECT ANSWER - A distribution with two peaks (modes).
Example: Test scores where two groups perform differently.
dispersion - CORRECT ANSWER - the spread of the data points in a dataset
range - CORRECT ANSWER - difference between the maximum and minimum values.
Example: In {2, 4, 10}, range = 10−2=8
interquartile range (IQR) - CORRECT ANSWER - The range between the first quartile
(Q1, 25th percentile) and third quartile (Q3, 75th percentile).
Formula: IQR=Q3−Q1
Example: If Q1 = 5 and Q3 = 15, then IQR = 10.
absolute average deviation - CORRECT ANSWER - The mean of the absolute differences
between data points and the mean.
variance* - CORRECT ANSWER - Measures the average squared deviation from the
mean.
*Example: For {2, 4, 6}, variance = 4
