5/25/25, 12:00 PM Sergeant Exam NFLST Flashcards | Quizlet
Sergeant Exam NFLST\\questions and ans
14th ammendment due process of law
Arrest intention, authority, custody
1. Name of the state
2. Who will execute the warrant (normally any peace
officer of that state)
3. Person who will be arrested
Arrest warrant
4. Offense Committed
5. Date, time, place of occurrence
6. Name of victim
7. Description of Offense
Established the exclusionary rule was applicable to
Mapp v. Ohio the states (evidence seized illegally cannot be used in
court)
Search Warrant Consent, warrant, exigency, vehicle inventory, incident
Exceptions to arrest, motor vehicle, plain view
search is valid of a person and area under him
Chimel v. California (1969) immediate control form which he could produce a
weapon or destroy evidence
Carroll v. U.S. (1925) movable vehicle rule
can search a vehicle when reasonable to believe will
Arizona v. Gant (2009) find evidence of the offense. Only in passenger
compartment.
1/16
,5/25/25, 12:00 PM Sergeant Exam NFLST Flashcards | Quizlet
inductive reasoning factual and logical explanation of the crime
deductive reasoning hypothesis
neighborhood canvas helpful in about 20% of investigations
get description, location, plate of vehicles in the area
vehicle canvas with description of anything suspicious ie blood,
bullet holes, possible evidence.
Primary v. secondary primary is where first criminal act occurred, secondary
scenes scenes are where all subsequent scenes occurred.
processed before other items/bodies to make sure no
Evidence in "open view" undue damage is done to families by media or
common talk.
Corpus delicti evidence - evidence that is needed to
prove the commission of the crime
Associative - connects the suspect to the scene or
3 kinds of evidence
victim/ or connects the scene or victim to the suspect
Tracing - identification and location of the suspect
such as a discarded ID at the scene.
Crime scene patterns Spiral, Grid, Strip/line, Quadrant/ or Zone, Pie/wheel
(patterns or techniques
used to search an area
after the boundary has
been determined
Digital photography Orientation - far, Relationship - medium, Identification
(far/medium/close) - close, Comparison - close of evidence
Class characteristics not completely original, like the print of a Nike shoe
Individual characteristics fingerprints/footprints, etc.
Residue prints prints left on a hard surface from a foot, shoe, or tire.
prints left in something moldable like clay, dirt, snow,
Impressions
etc.
2/16
, 5/25/25, 12:00 PM Sergeant Exam NFLST Flashcards | Quizlet
prints left in something "tacky" like silly putty, fatty
Plastic prints
foods, caulking
Patent/contaminated/visibl fingers contaminated with an oily substance touch a
e clean surface
unseen or hidden prints that are developed to expose
Latent/invisible
them
intersection of dentistry and criminal law, i.e. bite mark
Forensic ondontology
analysis and identification.
The striations on a bullet after passing through the
Signature
bore of the barrel of a rifle or pistol
small amounts of DNA evidence left from suspect skin
Touch DNA
shavings after touching something.
Handwriting samples 15 to 20 samples should be collected from suspects
Objective of interrogation: Obtain valuable facts, Eliminate the innocent, Identify
(importance goes up as the guilty, Obtain a confession
the difficulty goes up)
distance between you and subject during interview
Proximity
(optimal proximity 27 in. for middle class white males)
Bias when witness is not completely positive of an
Expectancy answer. They'll give an answer they would expect, or
assume.
False confession where innocent suspect made to
Coerced - internalized
believe they committed the crime where people
confession
develop a distrust of their own memory.
Voluntary confession Give false confession without provocation
Confess after lengthy interrogation process and think
Coerced compliant the short term outweighs long term (being released
confession on bail and getting high vs. having to go to prison
later)
can't beat a suspect into a confession, or threaten
Free and voluntary rule
violence
3/16
Sergeant Exam NFLST\\questions and ans
14th ammendment due process of law
Arrest intention, authority, custody
1. Name of the state
2. Who will execute the warrant (normally any peace
officer of that state)
3. Person who will be arrested
Arrest warrant
4. Offense Committed
5. Date, time, place of occurrence
6. Name of victim
7. Description of Offense
Established the exclusionary rule was applicable to
Mapp v. Ohio the states (evidence seized illegally cannot be used in
court)
Search Warrant Consent, warrant, exigency, vehicle inventory, incident
Exceptions to arrest, motor vehicle, plain view
search is valid of a person and area under him
Chimel v. California (1969) immediate control form which he could produce a
weapon or destroy evidence
Carroll v. U.S. (1925) movable vehicle rule
can search a vehicle when reasonable to believe will
Arizona v. Gant (2009) find evidence of the offense. Only in passenger
compartment.
1/16
,5/25/25, 12:00 PM Sergeant Exam NFLST Flashcards | Quizlet
inductive reasoning factual and logical explanation of the crime
deductive reasoning hypothesis
neighborhood canvas helpful in about 20% of investigations
get description, location, plate of vehicles in the area
vehicle canvas with description of anything suspicious ie blood,
bullet holes, possible evidence.
Primary v. secondary primary is where first criminal act occurred, secondary
scenes scenes are where all subsequent scenes occurred.
processed before other items/bodies to make sure no
Evidence in "open view" undue damage is done to families by media or
common talk.
Corpus delicti evidence - evidence that is needed to
prove the commission of the crime
Associative - connects the suspect to the scene or
3 kinds of evidence
victim/ or connects the scene or victim to the suspect
Tracing - identification and location of the suspect
such as a discarded ID at the scene.
Crime scene patterns Spiral, Grid, Strip/line, Quadrant/ or Zone, Pie/wheel
(patterns or techniques
used to search an area
after the boundary has
been determined
Digital photography Orientation - far, Relationship - medium, Identification
(far/medium/close) - close, Comparison - close of evidence
Class characteristics not completely original, like the print of a Nike shoe
Individual characteristics fingerprints/footprints, etc.
Residue prints prints left on a hard surface from a foot, shoe, or tire.
prints left in something moldable like clay, dirt, snow,
Impressions
etc.
2/16
, 5/25/25, 12:00 PM Sergeant Exam NFLST Flashcards | Quizlet
prints left in something "tacky" like silly putty, fatty
Plastic prints
foods, caulking
Patent/contaminated/visibl fingers contaminated with an oily substance touch a
e clean surface
unseen or hidden prints that are developed to expose
Latent/invisible
them
intersection of dentistry and criminal law, i.e. bite mark
Forensic ondontology
analysis and identification.
The striations on a bullet after passing through the
Signature
bore of the barrel of a rifle or pistol
small amounts of DNA evidence left from suspect skin
Touch DNA
shavings after touching something.
Handwriting samples 15 to 20 samples should be collected from suspects
Objective of interrogation: Obtain valuable facts, Eliminate the innocent, Identify
(importance goes up as the guilty, Obtain a confession
the difficulty goes up)
distance between you and subject during interview
Proximity
(optimal proximity 27 in. for middle class white males)
Bias when witness is not completely positive of an
Expectancy answer. They'll give an answer they would expect, or
assume.
False confession where innocent suspect made to
Coerced - internalized
believe they committed the crime where people
confession
develop a distrust of their own memory.
Voluntary confession Give false confession without provocation
Confess after lengthy interrogation process and think
Coerced compliant the short term outweighs long term (being released
confession on bail and getting high vs. having to go to prison
later)
can't beat a suspect into a confession, or threaten
Free and voluntary rule
violence
3/16
