1
Bio
BIO 669 QUIZ 1 (2024/ 2025)
QUESTIONS & VERIFIED ANSWERS|
GRADE A| 100% CORRECT
Hypernatremia causes cells to _____ - ANS ✓shrink
when does hyperchloremia occur? - ANS ✓with hypernatremia and HCO3
loss/deficit
What is hyponatremia? - ANS ✓decreased fluid retention. forces fluid into
cells= edema
hyponatremia causes cell____ - ANS ✓swelling (increase ICP, decrease reflexes,
lethargy)
manifestations of hyponatremia - ANS ✓lethargy, seizures, coma, decreased
reflexes
life-threatening- cerebral edema, increased intracranial pressure
manifestations of water excess - ANS ✓cerebral edema, muscle twitching,
nausea, weakness, headache, and weight gain
Bio 669
, 2
Bio
causes of hypochloremia - ANS ✓severe vomiting, diarrhea, and nasogastric
suction
Causes of hypokalemia - ANS ✓reduced intake of potassium, increased entry of
potassium into cells, and increased loss of potassium, low insulin
insulins stimulates ______ potassium in cells - ANS ✓increased
Ketoacidosis= K+ is _____ of the cell - ANS ✓outside. body thinks that it has too
much K+ and pees it out
ketoacidosis= H+ is _____ of the cell - ANS ✓inside
amount of potassium in the extracellular fluid? - ANS ✓5
amount of potassium of intracellular fluid? - ANS ✓150
Manifestations of hypokalemia - ANS ✓Membrane hyperpolarization causes a
decrease in neuromuscular excitability, skeletal muscle weakness, smooth
muscle atony, and cardiac dysrhythmias
constipation, ileas, vomiting
Bio 669
, 3
Bio
Hypokalemia EKG - ANS ✓T waves flatten; U waves more apparent
cause of hyperkalemia - ANS ✓increased intake, shift in K+ from ICF to ECF,
decreased excretion, insulin deficiency, cell trauma
Hyperkalemia manifestations - ANS ✓mild: increased neuromuscular
irritability
-restlessness, intestinal cramping, diarrhea
severe: decreased resting membrane potential
-muscle weakness, loss of muscle tone, and paralysis
Hyperkalemia EKG - ANS ✓Peak T waves
Wide QRS
Loss of P waves
Causes of hypocalcemia - ANS ✓-inadequate intestinal absorption
-deposition of ionized calcium into bone or soft tissue
-blood administration
-decreases in PTH and vitamin D
-nutritional deficiencies occur with inadequate sources of dairy products or
green leafy vegetables
Bio 669
Bio
BIO 669 QUIZ 1 (2024/ 2025)
QUESTIONS & VERIFIED ANSWERS|
GRADE A| 100% CORRECT
Hypernatremia causes cells to _____ - ANS ✓shrink
when does hyperchloremia occur? - ANS ✓with hypernatremia and HCO3
loss/deficit
What is hyponatremia? - ANS ✓decreased fluid retention. forces fluid into
cells= edema
hyponatremia causes cell____ - ANS ✓swelling (increase ICP, decrease reflexes,
lethargy)
manifestations of hyponatremia - ANS ✓lethargy, seizures, coma, decreased
reflexes
life-threatening- cerebral edema, increased intracranial pressure
manifestations of water excess - ANS ✓cerebral edema, muscle twitching,
nausea, weakness, headache, and weight gain
Bio 669
, 2
Bio
causes of hypochloremia - ANS ✓severe vomiting, diarrhea, and nasogastric
suction
Causes of hypokalemia - ANS ✓reduced intake of potassium, increased entry of
potassium into cells, and increased loss of potassium, low insulin
insulins stimulates ______ potassium in cells - ANS ✓increased
Ketoacidosis= K+ is _____ of the cell - ANS ✓outside. body thinks that it has too
much K+ and pees it out
ketoacidosis= H+ is _____ of the cell - ANS ✓inside
amount of potassium in the extracellular fluid? - ANS ✓5
amount of potassium of intracellular fluid? - ANS ✓150
Manifestations of hypokalemia - ANS ✓Membrane hyperpolarization causes a
decrease in neuromuscular excitability, skeletal muscle weakness, smooth
muscle atony, and cardiac dysrhythmias
constipation, ileas, vomiting
Bio 669
, 3
Bio
Hypokalemia EKG - ANS ✓T waves flatten; U waves more apparent
cause of hyperkalemia - ANS ✓increased intake, shift in K+ from ICF to ECF,
decreased excretion, insulin deficiency, cell trauma
Hyperkalemia manifestations - ANS ✓mild: increased neuromuscular
irritability
-restlessness, intestinal cramping, diarrhea
severe: decreased resting membrane potential
-muscle weakness, loss of muscle tone, and paralysis
Hyperkalemia EKG - ANS ✓Peak T waves
Wide QRS
Loss of P waves
Causes of hypocalcemia - ANS ✓-inadequate intestinal absorption
-deposition of ionized calcium into bone or soft tissue
-blood administration
-decreases in PTH and vitamin D
-nutritional deficiencies occur with inadequate sources of dairy products or
green leafy vegetables
Bio 669
