nr 283 exam 3 Question and answers already passed 2025
1. Hypokalemia Serum potassium level of less than 3.5 mEq/L
This may lead to cardiac arrest.
2. Hypokalemia signs and Cardiac arrhythmias leading to arrest
symptoms Anorexia, nausea, constipation
Fatigue, muscle twitching, weakness, leg cramps
Shallow respirations, paresthesia (numbness or
tingling) Postural hypotension (lower when
standing)
Polyuria, nocturia
Elevated serum pH (greater than 7.45, or alkalosis)
3. Hypokalemia causes Excessive loss due to diarrhea
Lost in urine when on certain diuretic drugs, like furosemide
Excessive aldosterone or glucocorticoids in the body
(Cushing syn- drome)
Decreased dietary intake (associated with alcoholism, eating
disorders, and starvation)
Treating diabetic ketoacidosis with insulin (forces potassium back
into the cell, lowering the serum potassium leve
4. Hydrochloric acid Digestion
(H+) function
5. Hypertonic
increased serum sodium and osmolality
Dehydra- tion
Characterized by
6. Sodium chloride
(Na+ ) function Regulates osmotic pressure
,nr 283 exam 3 Question and answers already passed 2025
7. Mg+ Magnesium Works with muscle and nerves
chlo- ride function
8. Ca+ Calcium Important for bone regulation
chloride function
9. Hyponatremia causessweating
vomiting
diarrhea
use of some medications while on a low-salt
diet hormonal imbalances
early stages of chronic renal failure
excessive water intake
10. Hypertonic Water is transported out of the cell. Solute concentration inside
Dehydra- tion
the cell is lower. The cell shrinks.
Cellular Changes
11. What occurs during os- Water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to an
area of
mosis? higher solute concentration.
12. Intracellular fluid (ICF) within the cell
amount to Two-thirds of the body's fluids
13. Extracellular fluid (ECF) outside the cell
amount to One-third of the fluid in the body
14. Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted to push fluid from one compartment to
another.
15. increase permeabilityis described as a change in the wall of a membrane to allow
,nr 283 exam 3 Question and answers already passed 2025
more
material to pass through it.
, nr 283 exam 3 Question and answers already passed 2025
16. Osmotic pressure draws fluid from an area of higher concentration to one of lower
concen-
tration.
17. Osmolarity is a value used to describe the concentration (number of
particles) within
a fluid. its determines osmotic pressure.
18. Hormones in fluid are used to attract fluid or control the pressure of the vascular
im- balances system.
19. proteins in fluid
imbal- ances Used to maintain fluid balance by attracting additional water to
increase fluid balance
Low levels can cause movement of fluid into interstitial areas,
20. Blood pressure in causing edema.
fluid imbalances
Receptors throughout the body that send signals to the
autonomic ner- vous system to constrict or dilate blood vessels
21. Electrolytes in fluid depending on the fluid imbalance it may sense.
im- balances
are used by the body to adjust fluid levels.
Intravenous fluids used by healthcare professionals rely on
22. 3 primary sodium con- centrations to treat conditions of fluid imbalance.
Hormones That
Change Fluid Lev- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
els (fluid overload Aldosterone
and dehydration)
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide
23. antidiuretic
hormone (ADH) (BNP signals the kidneys to promote reabsorption of water.
1. Hypokalemia Serum potassium level of less than 3.5 mEq/L
This may lead to cardiac arrest.
2. Hypokalemia signs and Cardiac arrhythmias leading to arrest
symptoms Anorexia, nausea, constipation
Fatigue, muscle twitching, weakness, leg cramps
Shallow respirations, paresthesia (numbness or
tingling) Postural hypotension (lower when
standing)
Polyuria, nocturia
Elevated serum pH (greater than 7.45, or alkalosis)
3. Hypokalemia causes Excessive loss due to diarrhea
Lost in urine when on certain diuretic drugs, like furosemide
Excessive aldosterone or glucocorticoids in the body
(Cushing syn- drome)
Decreased dietary intake (associated with alcoholism, eating
disorders, and starvation)
Treating diabetic ketoacidosis with insulin (forces potassium back
into the cell, lowering the serum potassium leve
4. Hydrochloric acid Digestion
(H+) function
5. Hypertonic
increased serum sodium and osmolality
Dehydra- tion
Characterized by
6. Sodium chloride
(Na+ ) function Regulates osmotic pressure
,nr 283 exam 3 Question and answers already passed 2025
7. Mg+ Magnesium Works with muscle and nerves
chlo- ride function
8. Ca+ Calcium Important for bone regulation
chloride function
9. Hyponatremia causessweating
vomiting
diarrhea
use of some medications while on a low-salt
diet hormonal imbalances
early stages of chronic renal failure
excessive water intake
10. Hypertonic Water is transported out of the cell. Solute concentration inside
Dehydra- tion
the cell is lower. The cell shrinks.
Cellular Changes
11. What occurs during os- Water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to an
area of
mosis? higher solute concentration.
12. Intracellular fluid (ICF) within the cell
amount to Two-thirds of the body's fluids
13. Extracellular fluid (ECF) outside the cell
amount to One-third of the fluid in the body
14. Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted to push fluid from one compartment to
another.
15. increase permeabilityis described as a change in the wall of a membrane to allow
,nr 283 exam 3 Question and answers already passed 2025
more
material to pass through it.
, nr 283 exam 3 Question and answers already passed 2025
16. Osmotic pressure draws fluid from an area of higher concentration to one of lower
concen-
tration.
17. Osmolarity is a value used to describe the concentration (number of
particles) within
a fluid. its determines osmotic pressure.
18. Hormones in fluid are used to attract fluid or control the pressure of the vascular
im- balances system.
19. proteins in fluid
imbal- ances Used to maintain fluid balance by attracting additional water to
increase fluid balance
Low levels can cause movement of fluid into interstitial areas,
20. Blood pressure in causing edema.
fluid imbalances
Receptors throughout the body that send signals to the
autonomic ner- vous system to constrict or dilate blood vessels
21. Electrolytes in fluid depending on the fluid imbalance it may sense.
im- balances
are used by the body to adjust fluid levels.
Intravenous fluids used by healthcare professionals rely on
22. 3 primary sodium con- centrations to treat conditions of fluid imbalance.
Hormones That
Change Fluid Lev- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
els (fluid overload Aldosterone
and dehydration)
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide
23. antidiuretic
hormone (ADH) (BNP signals the kidneys to promote reabsorption of water.
