Exam #2 - NUR 1060C Health
Assessment with verified answers to
pass
What are some landmarks to take note of in regards to the heart? - correct answer ✔✔"the
heart is an upside down triangle"
apex of the heart is at the "bottom" of the heart
base of the heart is at the "top"
Great vessels and the right and left borders (always refers to the pt's right and left)
What is the pericardium? - correct answer ✔✔double-walled sac that encloses the heart
What are the great vessels? - correct answer ✔✔- Superior and Inferior vena cava - drain blood
into the R. atria
- Aorta - ejects/sends/delivers blood to the body from the l. ventricle via the pulmonary vein
passed the aortic valve
- Pulmonary Arteries and Veins - PA sends blood to the lungs to be oxygenated via the pulmonic
valve, PV - takes oxygenated blood to the L. atria
What is the pulmonary artery and how is it different from the pulmonary vein? - correct answer
✔✔PA carries *deoxygenated* blood from the RV via the pulmonic valve to the lungs whereas
the PV takes *oxygenated* blood to the LA and then the blood in the LA passes through mitral
valve and moves to the LV to the aorta via the aortic valve
What is the atrium? ventricle? - correct answer ✔✔Atrium and Ventricles (the right AND left
sides) make up the 4 chambers of the heart. The RA recieves blood from the body via the IVC
and SVC, The LA recieves blood from the lungs via the pulmonary vein, The LV receives blood
,from the LA via the mitral valve (atrioventricular valve), RV receives blood from the RA via the
tricuspid valve (atrioventricular valve)
Atrium = blood reservoir
Ventricle = muscular pump
What are the AV valves? - correct answer ✔✔tricuspid and mitral = "ATM" = valves between the
atria and ventricles, contribute to the S1 first heart sound (lub) when they close, the AV valves
close becasue the the ventriculars are contracting
What is diastole? systole? - correct answer ✔✔Diastole + systole = cardiac cycle
*Diastole* = relaxation of the ventricles, ventricular filling, takes longer than systole, second
heart sound, S2 = semilunar valve closure, aortic and pulmonic (SAP) = closed, "dub" = base=
loudest point
*Systole* = ventricular/heart contraction = arterial filling, tricuspid and mitral valves (ATM) is
closed, loudest at apex, S1 = AV valve closure
What are the semilunar valves? - correct answer ✔✔Aortic and Pulmonic valves = "SAP" =
valves between the ventricles and arteries , contribute to S2 heart sound (dub) when they close
What is the direction or pathway of blood flow through the heart? - correct answer ✔✔- head
and upper extremities drain blood into the R.atria via the SVC and the liver drains blood into the
R. atria via the IVC
- blood from the R.atria goes to the R.Ventricle via the tricuspid valve
- since blood on the right side is deoxygenated it needs to get to the lungs via the pulmonary
arteries through the pulmonic valve
- once the blood is in the lungs it is then oxygenated
- it then comes back to the l. atria of the heart via the pulmonary vein
- then the blood moves to the l. ventricles passed the mitral valve
, - the blood in the L. ventricle needs to get to the aorta via the aortic valve and then the aorta
sends the oxygenated blood to the body
What is the cardiac cycle? - correct answer ✔✔Diastole + systole = ventricular filling/ventricular
relaxation (SL valve closing) + atrial filling (AV valve closing) = S2 + S1 = lub + dub
What are the S1 and S2 heart sounds? - correct answer ✔✔S1 = lub = first heart sound = atrial
filling = ATM closure = loudest at apex, ventricle contraction
S2 = dub = second heart sound == ventricular filling = SAP closure = loudest at base, ventricle
relaxation
What is a murmur? - correct answer ✔✔when the blood flow in the heart can be heard as
turbulence or collision currents instead of silence/ no noise this is consider a murmur. murmurs
are often described as blowing or swooshing sound. use the bell of the stethoscope for low
pitched sounds usually heard with murmurs.
there's a distinct muffling as opposed to clear tapping
What are some causes of murmurs? - correct answer ✔✔Velocity of blood increase - e.g.
exercise
Viscosity of blood decrease - e.g. anemia
Defective valves/ defective septum
What are the four characteristics of heart sounds to take note of? - correct answer ✔✔1.
frequency/pitch
2. intensity
3. duration - make note of silent periods
4. timing - is it happening during diastole or systole?
Assessment with verified answers to
pass
What are some landmarks to take note of in regards to the heart? - correct answer ✔✔"the
heart is an upside down triangle"
apex of the heart is at the "bottom" of the heart
base of the heart is at the "top"
Great vessels and the right and left borders (always refers to the pt's right and left)
What is the pericardium? - correct answer ✔✔double-walled sac that encloses the heart
What are the great vessels? - correct answer ✔✔- Superior and Inferior vena cava - drain blood
into the R. atria
- Aorta - ejects/sends/delivers blood to the body from the l. ventricle via the pulmonary vein
passed the aortic valve
- Pulmonary Arteries and Veins - PA sends blood to the lungs to be oxygenated via the pulmonic
valve, PV - takes oxygenated blood to the L. atria
What is the pulmonary artery and how is it different from the pulmonary vein? - correct answer
✔✔PA carries *deoxygenated* blood from the RV via the pulmonic valve to the lungs whereas
the PV takes *oxygenated* blood to the LA and then the blood in the LA passes through mitral
valve and moves to the LV to the aorta via the aortic valve
What is the atrium? ventricle? - correct answer ✔✔Atrium and Ventricles (the right AND left
sides) make up the 4 chambers of the heart. The RA recieves blood from the body via the IVC
and SVC, The LA recieves blood from the lungs via the pulmonary vein, The LV receives blood
,from the LA via the mitral valve (atrioventricular valve), RV receives blood from the RA via the
tricuspid valve (atrioventricular valve)
Atrium = blood reservoir
Ventricle = muscular pump
What are the AV valves? - correct answer ✔✔tricuspid and mitral = "ATM" = valves between the
atria and ventricles, contribute to the S1 first heart sound (lub) when they close, the AV valves
close becasue the the ventriculars are contracting
What is diastole? systole? - correct answer ✔✔Diastole + systole = cardiac cycle
*Diastole* = relaxation of the ventricles, ventricular filling, takes longer than systole, second
heart sound, S2 = semilunar valve closure, aortic and pulmonic (SAP) = closed, "dub" = base=
loudest point
*Systole* = ventricular/heart contraction = arterial filling, tricuspid and mitral valves (ATM) is
closed, loudest at apex, S1 = AV valve closure
What are the semilunar valves? - correct answer ✔✔Aortic and Pulmonic valves = "SAP" =
valves between the ventricles and arteries , contribute to S2 heart sound (dub) when they close
What is the direction or pathway of blood flow through the heart? - correct answer ✔✔- head
and upper extremities drain blood into the R.atria via the SVC and the liver drains blood into the
R. atria via the IVC
- blood from the R.atria goes to the R.Ventricle via the tricuspid valve
- since blood on the right side is deoxygenated it needs to get to the lungs via the pulmonary
arteries through the pulmonic valve
- once the blood is in the lungs it is then oxygenated
- it then comes back to the l. atria of the heart via the pulmonary vein
- then the blood moves to the l. ventricles passed the mitral valve
, - the blood in the L. ventricle needs to get to the aorta via the aortic valve and then the aorta
sends the oxygenated blood to the body
What is the cardiac cycle? - correct answer ✔✔Diastole + systole = ventricular filling/ventricular
relaxation (SL valve closing) + atrial filling (AV valve closing) = S2 + S1 = lub + dub
What are the S1 and S2 heart sounds? - correct answer ✔✔S1 = lub = first heart sound = atrial
filling = ATM closure = loudest at apex, ventricle contraction
S2 = dub = second heart sound == ventricular filling = SAP closure = loudest at base, ventricle
relaxation
What is a murmur? - correct answer ✔✔when the blood flow in the heart can be heard as
turbulence or collision currents instead of silence/ no noise this is consider a murmur. murmurs
are often described as blowing or swooshing sound. use the bell of the stethoscope for low
pitched sounds usually heard with murmurs.
there's a distinct muffling as opposed to clear tapping
What are some causes of murmurs? - correct answer ✔✔Velocity of blood increase - e.g.
exercise
Viscosity of blood decrease - e.g. anemia
Defective valves/ defective septum
What are the four characteristics of heart sounds to take note of? - correct answer ✔✔1.
frequency/pitch
2. intensity
3. duration - make note of silent periods
4. timing - is it happening during diastole or systole?
