Community Acquired Pneumonia
It is an infection of the lung parenchyma
What is pneumonia? (functional tissue) that primarily affects
the alveoli
The little air sacks become inflamed
What happens to alveoli during pneumo- and/or fill with fluid cause impaired gas
nia? exchange which leads to cough, dysp-
nea, localized pain, ect.
What is a pleural effusion? When fluid leaks into the pleural space
When pus or abscesses develop in the
What is empyema?
lung (S.aureus!)
When replacement of air with fluid whites
What is consolidation? out the parts of a chest x-ray that are
supposed to be dark
It can occur through micro aspiration of
microbiota in upper airways and mouth
How do people get pneumonia?
like S.pneumo or through inhalation of
aerosolized droplets
Mucociliary escalator
What systems do healthy people have to Cough and gag reflexes
prevent getting a pneumonia? Antimicrobial peptides/enzymes in mu-
cous membranes
Smoking
What can cause a breakdown in the sys-
Alcohol
tems that cause people to have a break-
Inflammation from the airway diseases
down in the mechanisms that prevent
Viral infections
getting a pneumonia?
Neurological dysfunction
For typical vs atypical pneumonia how Typical. Atypical
does temp >39C present? Common Less common
For typical vs atypical pneumonia how Typical - Atypical
does symptom onset present? abrupt - gradual
For typical vs atypical pneumonia how do Typical. Atypical
chills present? common uncommon
For typical vs atypical pneumonia how Typical. Atypical
does pleuritic pain present? common uncommon
1/8
, Community Acquired Pneumonia
For typical vs atypical pneumonia how Typical. Atypical
does heart rate >130 bpm present? common uncommon
For typical vs atypical pneumonia how
Typical. Atypical
does consolidation (chest x-ray) pre-
More common Less uncommon
sent?
For typical vs atypical pneumonia how Typical. Atypical
does pleural effusion present? More common Less uncommon
For typical vs atypical pneumonia how Typical. Atypical
does sputum volume present? Abundant Minimal
For typical vs atypical pneumonia how Typical. Atypical
does sputum character present? Thick, purulent Thin, mucoid
Typical
Single predominant organism, many
For typical vs atypical pneumonia how neutrophils
does sputum Gram stain present? Atypical
Normal flora, few neutrophils, some
mononuclear cells
What does PSI stand for? Pneumonia severity index
Demographic factors
Comorbid illness
What are the 4 categories of PSI?
Physical examination findings
Lab and radiographic findings
Age
What are the components that make up
Female Sex
demographic factors?
Nursing home resident
How many points do you get for your age
1 point per year
on PSI?
How many points do you get for female
-10 points
sex on PSI?
How many points do you get for being a
10 points
nursing home resident on the PSI scale?
Neoplastic disease (cancer)
What are the components that make up
Liver disease
comorbid illnesses on PSI?
CHF
2/8
It is an infection of the lung parenchyma
What is pneumonia? (functional tissue) that primarily affects
the alveoli
The little air sacks become inflamed
What happens to alveoli during pneumo- and/or fill with fluid cause impaired gas
nia? exchange which leads to cough, dysp-
nea, localized pain, ect.
What is a pleural effusion? When fluid leaks into the pleural space
When pus or abscesses develop in the
What is empyema?
lung (S.aureus!)
When replacement of air with fluid whites
What is consolidation? out the parts of a chest x-ray that are
supposed to be dark
It can occur through micro aspiration of
microbiota in upper airways and mouth
How do people get pneumonia?
like S.pneumo or through inhalation of
aerosolized droplets
Mucociliary escalator
What systems do healthy people have to Cough and gag reflexes
prevent getting a pneumonia? Antimicrobial peptides/enzymes in mu-
cous membranes
Smoking
What can cause a breakdown in the sys-
Alcohol
tems that cause people to have a break-
Inflammation from the airway diseases
down in the mechanisms that prevent
Viral infections
getting a pneumonia?
Neurological dysfunction
For typical vs atypical pneumonia how Typical. Atypical
does temp >39C present? Common Less common
For typical vs atypical pneumonia how Typical - Atypical
does symptom onset present? abrupt - gradual
For typical vs atypical pneumonia how do Typical. Atypical
chills present? common uncommon
For typical vs atypical pneumonia how Typical. Atypical
does pleuritic pain present? common uncommon
1/8
, Community Acquired Pneumonia
For typical vs atypical pneumonia how Typical. Atypical
does heart rate >130 bpm present? common uncommon
For typical vs atypical pneumonia how
Typical. Atypical
does consolidation (chest x-ray) pre-
More common Less uncommon
sent?
For typical vs atypical pneumonia how Typical. Atypical
does pleural effusion present? More common Less uncommon
For typical vs atypical pneumonia how Typical. Atypical
does sputum volume present? Abundant Minimal
For typical vs atypical pneumonia how Typical. Atypical
does sputum character present? Thick, purulent Thin, mucoid
Typical
Single predominant organism, many
For typical vs atypical pneumonia how neutrophils
does sputum Gram stain present? Atypical
Normal flora, few neutrophils, some
mononuclear cells
What does PSI stand for? Pneumonia severity index
Demographic factors
Comorbid illness
What are the 4 categories of PSI?
Physical examination findings
Lab and radiographic findings
Age
What are the components that make up
Female Sex
demographic factors?
Nursing home resident
How many points do you get for your age
1 point per year
on PSI?
How many points do you get for female
-10 points
sex on PSI?
How many points do you get for being a
10 points
nursing home resident on the PSI scale?
Neoplastic disease (cancer)
What are the components that make up
Liver disease
comorbid illnesses on PSI?
CHF
2/8
