MMSC 407 Clinical Chemistry Final Exam Latest
Update 2025-2026 355 Questions and 100%
Verified Correct Answers Guaranteed A+
2 different forms of calcium in plasma: - CORRECT ANSWER: diffusible and
nondiffusible
3 forms tCO2 is found in: - CORRECT ANSWER: ionized bicarbonate (90%)
dissolved CO2
carbamino compound
3 main sources of cholesterol - CORRECT ANSWER: diet
biliary secretion
intestinal mucosal cell secretion
90% of endogenous cholesterol is synthesized in the___ - CORRECT ANSWER: liver
a 12 hour ___ method is required for total cholesterol specimen - CORRECT ANSWER:
fasting
a decrease in intracellular K=, leads to an___ in K+ in plasma - CORRECT ANSWER:
increase
a decrease of extracellular fluid will cause the: - CORRECT ANSWER: release of renin
A delta check refers to - CORRECT ANSWER: comparing current test results with
previous one
,A Left shift in Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve - CORRECT ANSWER: A left shift will
increase oxygen's affinity for hemoglobin.
In a left shift condition (alkalosis, hypothermia, etc.) oxygen will have a higher affinity for
hemoglobin. SaO2 will increase at a given PaO2, but more of it will stay on the
hemoglobin and ride back through the lungs without being used. This can result in
tissue hypoxia even when there is sufficient oxygen in the blood.
a phospholipid is a glycerol backbone bound to ___ fatty acids. - CORRECT ANSWER:
2
about 20% of NPNs are composed of__ - CORRECT ANSWER: amino acids
Acidosis _____ ionized calcium - CORRECT ANSWER: increases
Addison's disease - CORRECT ANSWER: decrease in aldosterone, primary
adrenocortical deficiency
ADH is made in the ________ and stored in the ________. - CORRECT ANSWER:
hypothalamus: posterior lobe of the pituitary
adipose tissue is a common way the body stores excess - CORRECT ANSWER:
glucose
albumin range - CORRECT ANSWER: 3.5-5 g/dL
aldosterone causes: - CORRECT ANSWER: sodium and water retention
Alkalosis __ ionized calcium - CORRECT ANSWER: decreases
,amperometric circuit - CORRECT ANSWER: measures current flow between 2
electrodes
increase in current flow indicates excess silver ions in the solution and the complete
titration of chloride ions
2 silver electrodes, low current
an amino acid is a compound having both a: - CORRECT ANSWER: carboxyl and
amino group
An example of a polysaccharide is - CORRECT ANSWER: glycogen
an increase in unmeasured anions meCORRECT ANSWER: - CORRECT ANSWER: an
increased anion gap
an increase of absorbance of light generally means - CORRECT ANSWER: a decrease
in transmittance
an increased NPN (azotemia) can be an indicator of____ - CORRECT ANSWER: renal
disease
Analytical Gap - CORRECT ANSWER: difference between unmeasured anions and
unmeasured cations
Anion Gap - CORRECT ANSWER: difference between the serum sodium concentration
and the sum of the serum chloride and bicarbonate concentrations
anion gap is is high in some forms of metabolic acidosis
anion gap calculations - CORRECT ANSWER: Na+ -(Cl- + HCO3-)= 5-14 mmol/L
[Na+ + K+] - [Cl- + HCO3-] = 9-18mmol
, apolipoprotein A's function is to activate the ____ - CORRECT ANSWER: LCAT enzyme
Apolipoprotein B - CORRECT ANSWER: a major protein of all lipoproteins EXCEPT for
HDL
Apolipoprotein B-100 - CORRECT ANSWER: helps transport and clear LDL and VLDL
from plasma
Apolipoprotein B-48 - CORRECT ANSWER: mediates chylomicron secretion
Apolipoprotein function - CORRECT ANSWER: maintain structural integrity
activate or inhibit enzymes
interact w/ various tissue receptors
Apolipoproteins - CORRECT ANSWER: the protein components of lipoproteins
atherosclerosis - CORRECT ANSWER: deposition of fatty streaks, plaque
made up of cholesterol and cholesterol esters
BCG+albumin absorbance - CORRECT ANSWER: 546nm
BCP+ albumin abs - CORRECT ANSWER: 610nm
blood buffer reference range - CORRECT ANSWER: 46-49 mEq/L
bone mineralization and reabsorption is regulated by ___ and ____ - CORRECT
ANSWER: PTH and calcitonin
Update 2025-2026 355 Questions and 100%
Verified Correct Answers Guaranteed A+
2 different forms of calcium in plasma: - CORRECT ANSWER: diffusible and
nondiffusible
3 forms tCO2 is found in: - CORRECT ANSWER: ionized bicarbonate (90%)
dissolved CO2
carbamino compound
3 main sources of cholesterol - CORRECT ANSWER: diet
biliary secretion
intestinal mucosal cell secretion
90% of endogenous cholesterol is synthesized in the___ - CORRECT ANSWER: liver
a 12 hour ___ method is required for total cholesterol specimen - CORRECT ANSWER:
fasting
a decrease in intracellular K=, leads to an___ in K+ in plasma - CORRECT ANSWER:
increase
a decrease of extracellular fluid will cause the: - CORRECT ANSWER: release of renin
A delta check refers to - CORRECT ANSWER: comparing current test results with
previous one
,A Left shift in Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve - CORRECT ANSWER: A left shift will
increase oxygen's affinity for hemoglobin.
In a left shift condition (alkalosis, hypothermia, etc.) oxygen will have a higher affinity for
hemoglobin. SaO2 will increase at a given PaO2, but more of it will stay on the
hemoglobin and ride back through the lungs without being used. This can result in
tissue hypoxia even when there is sufficient oxygen in the blood.
a phospholipid is a glycerol backbone bound to ___ fatty acids. - CORRECT ANSWER:
2
about 20% of NPNs are composed of__ - CORRECT ANSWER: amino acids
Acidosis _____ ionized calcium - CORRECT ANSWER: increases
Addison's disease - CORRECT ANSWER: decrease in aldosterone, primary
adrenocortical deficiency
ADH is made in the ________ and stored in the ________. - CORRECT ANSWER:
hypothalamus: posterior lobe of the pituitary
adipose tissue is a common way the body stores excess - CORRECT ANSWER:
glucose
albumin range - CORRECT ANSWER: 3.5-5 g/dL
aldosterone causes: - CORRECT ANSWER: sodium and water retention
Alkalosis __ ionized calcium - CORRECT ANSWER: decreases
,amperometric circuit - CORRECT ANSWER: measures current flow between 2
electrodes
increase in current flow indicates excess silver ions in the solution and the complete
titration of chloride ions
2 silver electrodes, low current
an amino acid is a compound having both a: - CORRECT ANSWER: carboxyl and
amino group
An example of a polysaccharide is - CORRECT ANSWER: glycogen
an increase in unmeasured anions meCORRECT ANSWER: - CORRECT ANSWER: an
increased anion gap
an increase of absorbance of light generally means - CORRECT ANSWER: a decrease
in transmittance
an increased NPN (azotemia) can be an indicator of____ - CORRECT ANSWER: renal
disease
Analytical Gap - CORRECT ANSWER: difference between unmeasured anions and
unmeasured cations
Anion Gap - CORRECT ANSWER: difference between the serum sodium concentration
and the sum of the serum chloride and bicarbonate concentrations
anion gap is is high in some forms of metabolic acidosis
anion gap calculations - CORRECT ANSWER: Na+ -(Cl- + HCO3-)= 5-14 mmol/L
[Na+ + K+] - [Cl- + HCO3-] = 9-18mmol
, apolipoprotein A's function is to activate the ____ - CORRECT ANSWER: LCAT enzyme
Apolipoprotein B - CORRECT ANSWER: a major protein of all lipoproteins EXCEPT for
HDL
Apolipoprotein B-100 - CORRECT ANSWER: helps transport and clear LDL and VLDL
from plasma
Apolipoprotein B-48 - CORRECT ANSWER: mediates chylomicron secretion
Apolipoprotein function - CORRECT ANSWER: maintain structural integrity
activate or inhibit enzymes
interact w/ various tissue receptors
Apolipoproteins - CORRECT ANSWER: the protein components of lipoproteins
atherosclerosis - CORRECT ANSWER: deposition of fatty streaks, plaque
made up of cholesterol and cholesterol esters
BCG+albumin absorbance - CORRECT ANSWER: 546nm
BCP+ albumin abs - CORRECT ANSWER: 610nm
blood buffer reference range - CORRECT ANSWER: 46-49 mEq/L
bone mineralization and reabsorption is regulated by ___ and ____ - CORRECT
ANSWER: PTH and calcitonin
