Muscular System Notes 7.1-7.3 Exam
Questions and Answers
What is an agonist? - ANSWER-a muscle whose contraction is responsible for a
specific movement
What is an antagonist muscle? - ANSWER-the muscle that does the opposite of the
agonist (biceps when straighten arm)
What is aponeurosis? - ANSWER-a broad sheet of dense regular connective tissue that
attaches a muscle to another muscle, bone or ligament
What is creatine phosphate? - ANSWER-The storage molecule for excess ATP energy
in resting muscle
What is insertion? - ANSWER-moveable end of muscle
what is a motor unit? - ANSWER-A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it
innervates
what are muscle fibers? - ANSWER-individual muscle cells
What is muscle tone? - ANSWER-constant, slightly contracted state of all muscles
What is myoglobin? - ANSWER-A protein that holds a reserve supply of oxygen in
muscle cells
What is a neurotransmitter? - ANSWER-a chemical substance that is released at the
end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the
synapse or junction, causes the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber, a muscle
fiber, or some other structure.
What is an origin? - ANSWER-attachment to an immovable bone
What is a tendon? - ANSWER-Attaches muscle to bone
What is the troponin complex? - ANSWER-Three subunits that regulate the calcium
mediated contractile process of striated muscle.
Step 1a of EC coupling - ANSWER-Mysoin binding site exposure: CA2+ binds to
troponin complex, exposing myosin binding sites on actin molecules
, Step 1b of EC coupling - ANSWER-cross-bridge formation: Myosin head binds to a
myosin binding site to form a cross-bridge with the actin molecule
step 2 of EC coupling - ANSWER-Pivoting of myosin head: experts power stroke that
pulls thin filaments toward m line of sarcomere
step 3 of EC coupling - ANSWER-Sarcomere shortening: power stroke causes sliding of
myofilaments
Step 4 of EC coupling - ANSWER-ATP binding to cross-bridge detachment: myosin
releases actin molecule
Step 5 of EC coupling - ANSWER-ATP hydrolysis: myosin head relaxes and becomes
energized after hydrolyzing ATP to ADP + Pi
Step 6 of EC coupling - ANSWER-Myosin reactivation: returns to step 1a
The energy for muscle contraction comes from ______ - ANSWER-ATP - aerobic
respiration
What is tetany and what causes it? - ANSWER-muscle spasms or strained muscle
caused by deficiency of calcium.
What are the three types of muscle tissue? - ANSWER-skeletal, cardiac, smooth
What are muscle tissues specialized for? - ANSWER-contraction
Contraction function of skeletal muscle - ANSWER-produces locomotion, movement of
skin, heat production
Contraction function of cardiac muscle - ANSWER-pumps blood through cardiovascular
system
contraction function of smooth muscle - ANSWER-movement of blood through vessels,
respiratory airways and hollow organs
What type of muscle tissue has striations? - ANSWER-skeletal and cardiac
Which type of muscle tissue is voluntary? - ANSWER-skeletal
What type of muscle tissue has many nuclei? - ANSWER-Skeletal
Which muscle contraction is slow and resistant to fatigue? - ANSWER-Smooth muscle
Questions and Answers
What is an agonist? - ANSWER-a muscle whose contraction is responsible for a
specific movement
What is an antagonist muscle? - ANSWER-the muscle that does the opposite of the
agonist (biceps when straighten arm)
What is aponeurosis? - ANSWER-a broad sheet of dense regular connective tissue that
attaches a muscle to another muscle, bone or ligament
What is creatine phosphate? - ANSWER-The storage molecule for excess ATP energy
in resting muscle
What is insertion? - ANSWER-moveable end of muscle
what is a motor unit? - ANSWER-A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it
innervates
what are muscle fibers? - ANSWER-individual muscle cells
What is muscle tone? - ANSWER-constant, slightly contracted state of all muscles
What is myoglobin? - ANSWER-A protein that holds a reserve supply of oxygen in
muscle cells
What is a neurotransmitter? - ANSWER-a chemical substance that is released at the
end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the
synapse or junction, causes the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber, a muscle
fiber, or some other structure.
What is an origin? - ANSWER-attachment to an immovable bone
What is a tendon? - ANSWER-Attaches muscle to bone
What is the troponin complex? - ANSWER-Three subunits that regulate the calcium
mediated contractile process of striated muscle.
Step 1a of EC coupling - ANSWER-Mysoin binding site exposure: CA2+ binds to
troponin complex, exposing myosin binding sites on actin molecules
, Step 1b of EC coupling - ANSWER-cross-bridge formation: Myosin head binds to a
myosin binding site to form a cross-bridge with the actin molecule
step 2 of EC coupling - ANSWER-Pivoting of myosin head: experts power stroke that
pulls thin filaments toward m line of sarcomere
step 3 of EC coupling - ANSWER-Sarcomere shortening: power stroke causes sliding of
myofilaments
Step 4 of EC coupling - ANSWER-ATP binding to cross-bridge detachment: myosin
releases actin molecule
Step 5 of EC coupling - ANSWER-ATP hydrolysis: myosin head relaxes and becomes
energized after hydrolyzing ATP to ADP + Pi
Step 6 of EC coupling - ANSWER-Myosin reactivation: returns to step 1a
The energy for muscle contraction comes from ______ - ANSWER-ATP - aerobic
respiration
What is tetany and what causes it? - ANSWER-muscle spasms or strained muscle
caused by deficiency of calcium.
What are the three types of muscle tissue? - ANSWER-skeletal, cardiac, smooth
What are muscle tissues specialized for? - ANSWER-contraction
Contraction function of skeletal muscle - ANSWER-produces locomotion, movement of
skin, heat production
Contraction function of cardiac muscle - ANSWER-pumps blood through cardiovascular
system
contraction function of smooth muscle - ANSWER-movement of blood through vessels,
respiratory airways and hollow organs
What type of muscle tissue has striations? - ANSWER-skeletal and cardiac
Which type of muscle tissue is voluntary? - ANSWER-skeletal
What type of muscle tissue has many nuclei? - ANSWER-Skeletal
Which muscle contraction is slow and resistant to fatigue? - ANSWER-Smooth muscle
